question

Direct Data

answer

Informant Interviews Participant Observation Windshield Surveys

question

Secondary Data

answer

Use of existing data (statistics) --> Prevalence of disease Medical Records Health Surveys Morbidity/Mortality statistics

question

Substance Abuse Prevention Program

answer

Teach skills to counteract peer pressure increases self-responsibility = awareness of various strategies to resist drug use

question

Oxygen Therapy

answer

(1) Don't adjust the flow rate = could eliminate the client's hypoxic drive to breathe (2) Use when starting strenous exercise (3) Use non-petroleum based lip moisturizer on lips/nares (oxygen dries out pores) (4) contact provider when feeling SOB

question

Preschool Children

answer

(1) May exhibit more aggressive behavior (2) Many have imaginary friends + are highly imaginative (3) Set limits on behavior

question

Steps to develop an education program

answer

(1) Identify needs of community (2) Develop objective to be achieved with education (3) Select educational strategies that are appropriate for audience (4) Implement education

question

Intestinal Parasitic Disease

answer

To prevent transmission wipe changing tables with a dilute bleach solution between children

question

Ethnocentrism

answer

Tendency of people to view the world from the perspective of their own cultural background + viewpoint

question

Cultural Imposition

answer

Process of forcing one group's cultural beliefs on others

question

Social Organization

answer

Pattern of relationships among a cultural group + how that group structures itself to carry out role functions

question

Tracheostomy Post-Op

answer

*Use tap water to clean inner cannula (clean technique) *Leave the old soiled ties in place until the new ones are secured to prevent accidental dislodging of the trach tube * Never place the thumb over the suction port while inserting the catheter (don't suction while inserting) * Insert the catheter 5 inches into the trach tube

question

How to prepare for outbreak of Avian Influenza

answer

*Have a 2 week supply of food + water at home (may need to stay at home for several weeks to prevent spread) - Flu vaccine does not protect against Avian Influenza - Receive 2 injections of H5N1 vaccine 28 days apart when an outbreak occurs - Antivirals can minimize symptoms but do not prevent transmission

question

Immunizations for Infants

answer

(1) Can give acetaminophen for fever after immunizations (2) A cold or other minor illnesses are not contraindications for receiving immunizations (3) Child needs MMR vaccine at 12 months (1 year) (4) Don't give influenza vaccine if have egg allergy

question

Cultural Assessment

answer

* Religious Preference * Food Patterns * Health Practices (immunizations)

question

Asthma (inhaled corticosteroids + Prednisone)

answer

(1) Use metered-dose inhaler attached to a spacer when taking corticosteroids (2) Pace activities depending on effort required for breathing (3) Avoid environmental triggers (4) Report the highest of 3 peak expiratory flow rates instead of average (5) Take prednisone until prescription is complete

question

Responsibility of Nurses

answer

(1) Make referral in accordance with client's decision (respect autonomy) (2) Does not include verification of insurance coverage (3) Never provide advice (non-therapeutic + does not respect autonomy) (4) Do not assess families decisions (goes against confidentiality + autonomy)

question

Prefilled Epinephrine Injector for allergic reaction

answer

(1) store at room temperature in a dark place (2) Remove gray tip to activate device --> Leave black tip on (covers spring-loaded needle) (3) First dose of epinephrine controls allergic symptoms for about 20 mins = after dose is administered transport to hospital immediately (4) Inject medication in outer thigh = can be injected through clothing

question

Best source of information about local safety concerns

answer

Interviewing community members (Informant Interviews = provide specific information about community)

question

A community health nurse contributes to disaster preparedness by....

answer

Organizing community-wide disaster drills * Planning + practicing drills will help people know what procedures to follow during a disaster

question

Rinne Test

answer

Place a tuning fork behind ear, tell when no longer hear the sound (compares air conduction + bone conduction of sound)

question

Weber Test

answer

Place tuning fork on scalp, tell if hear sound better in one ear or the other

question

* Whispered Voice Test

answer

Initial screening to determine need for further testing of client's hearing (Use fingers to close one ear while whisper some numbers into other ear)

question

Audiometry

answer

Precise measurement of hearing ability = wear headphones + press button when hear sound (hearing tones of various intensities)

question

Domestic Abuse Factors

answer

(1) No link between race + abuse (2) No link between economic status + abuse (3) Child abuse is more common in homes where intimate partner abuse is present (4) Children who are abused are more likely to become abusers

question

Transmission of Active TB

answer

(1) Household members should take Isoniazid (INH) for 6-12 months (2) Respiratory isolation is not necessary (3) Client with active TB should receive a chest x-ray for future screenings

question

Role of Case Manager

answer

(1) Provide referral info Facilitates movement of client through health care system (2) Negotiation (3) Collaboration

question

Health Education Program Concerns

answer

(1) Content should be organized to make it easier to comprehend + retain material (2) Majority of adults comprehend info at 8th grade level (3) Powerpoints are good sources of teaching = addresses both visual + auditory learners (4) More likely to benefit from a voluntary program since they have the choice to attend

question

Signs for meningococcemia

answer

Vomiting, febrile, petechial rash (unstable)

question

Signs for rotavirus

answer

Diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever of 99.4F

question

Levothyroxine effects

answer

Used to restore client's metabolic rate * Toxic effects = heat intolerance, Tachycardia, Weight loss, Hypertension

question

Which agency is responsible for developing local disaster plan?

answer

Office of Emergency Management (develops + coordinates emergency response plans within the defined area)

question

American Red Cross

answer

Works with other agencies to provide a relief service after a disaster (not responsible for developing local disaster plan)

question

Department of Homeland Security

answer

Focuses on protecting the US from threats + hazards

question

Centers for Public Health Preparedness

answer

Provide emergency preparedness training to public health employees

question

Ways to prevent Osteoporosis

answer

*Encourage women to participate in weight-bearing activities * Sun exposure --> absorption of Vitamin D --> Absorption of Calcium (prevents osteoporosis)

question

ADHD teaching

answer

*Methylphenidate (1) Use a reward + consequence system throughout the day (have difficulty recognizing inappropriate behavior = provide positive feedback to minimize negative behaviors (2) Limit distractions to promote focus (no music) (3) Have a consistent routine daily (4) Better ability at focusing in the morning when on methylphenidate

question

Hip Arthroplasty Post-Op teaching

answer

(1) Put antiembolic stockings on BEFORE getting out of bed (2) Use incentive spirometer every 2 hours (3) Do NOT place pillow under knee (increases risk for deep vein thrombosis) (4) Use an assistive device to retrieve items on floor (decreases risk for hip dislocation)

question

Multiple Sclerosis Patient Mitoxantrone SE's

answer

Mitoxantrone IV every 3 months (chemo drug) * Report Sore Throat (greatest risk for client is severe infection due to myelosuppression from mitoxantrone) * Vomiting = causes dehydration * Hair Loss = emotional distress * Amenorrhea = emotional distress

question

What action should nurse take FIRST if there is a Scabies outbreak

answer

Determine the incidence rate (determine # of new cases in community)

question

Utilitarian approach to ethical decision making

answer

Considers ONLY the OUTCOMES or CONSEQUENCES in determining which choice to make (ex: A public health nurse examining potential negative consequences of proposed public policy)

question

Community health nurse functioning as an advocate

answer

Serving on a community task force for suicide prevention (Supporting a course of action relative to a community health issue)

question

Role of nurse clinician

answer

*Conducting cholesterol screening at senior center * Administer immunizations to a group of migrant workers

question

Age related health changes in older adults

answer

(1) Decreased Sensitivity to Pain* = loss of neurons + nerve fibers = places older adults at increased risk for injury (2) Decreased peristalsis = delayed gastric emptying (3) Vision changes (presbyopia = hold near objects further away in order to be seen) + distance vision decreases (narrows client's visual field) (4) Decreased intellectual capacity is NOT an age-related health change

question

Osteoarthritis disease management strategy

answer

(1) Take a hot shower or bath daily = improves joint mobility + pain (2) Get 8-10 hours of sleep + additional 1-2 hrs during the day (3) Consume well-balanced diet + weight loss can reduce severity of disease (4) Exercise Daily

question

Malnourished COPD patients

answer

(1) Limit liquid intake at meal times (2) Consume foods w/ protein (like eggs) (3) Maintain an upright position (High Fowler's position) to promote ventilation (4) Use milk instead of water when making soup

question

Diagnosed with Syphilis

answer

*Report the case to the state health department (reportable disease) * Refer student to provider (not appropriate to report the case to student's provider = breach of confidentiality + privacy) * DON'T notify parents * DON'T notify principal

question

Anger stage of grief process

answer

Client exhibits increased anxiety + may project anger toward self + others "I don't deserve to die, this isn't fair"

question

Bargaining Stage of Grief Process

answer

Client acknowledges the impending loss while remaining hopeful "If I could just make it through this, I'd never smoke again"

question

Acceptance stage of grief process

answer

Client establishes coping strategies + accepts the impending loss "I'm going to plan my memorial service next week"

question

How should you respond when client wants to discontinue dialysis

answer

"What has changed to make you decide this?" = Seek clarification from client to establish mutual understanding while staying therapeutic * Never ask "why" questions * Never make value judgements or give advice * Don't generalize client's statement = minimizes feelings

question

Parish Nurse's Role

answer

Facilitating substance abuse support groups

question

Hospice Nurse's Role

answer

Provide pharmacologic pain management for clients with terminal illness

question

Occupational Health Nurse Role

answer

Plan safety services for employees at local workplace

question

Tertiary Prevention

answer

Maximize recovery AFTER injury/illness (REHAB) *Nutrition Counseling * Exercise REHAB * Case Management of chronic illnesses * Physical Therapy * Support Groups *Exercise of hypertensive clients * Teaching a client with rheumatoid arthritis measure to prevent joint deformities * Teaching foot care to adults who have Diabetes

question

Secondary Prevention

answer

Early detection + treatment of disease (goal = limit severity + adverse effects) * Community Assessments * Home safety checks * Disease Surveillance (communicable diseases) * SCREENINGS * Control outbreaks of communicable diseases (Implementing program to notify individuals exposed to a communicable disease)

question

HPV transmission

answer

Direct Contact ONLY (1) Oral Contact (2) Sexual Contact

question

Which client's take priority when scheduling visits?

answer

(1) ABC's = always airway first if compromised (2) Acute, new onset of symptoms

question

Captopril + SE's

answer

Angiotensin-converting enzyme = converts Angiotensin 1--> 2 (treats HTN + Heart Failure) * Report Angioedema (fatal reaction) * SE's = Tachycardia, Wt. Loss * Dry Cough = from accumulation of bradykinin

question

Where does smallpox rash first appear?

answer

FACE

question

Safety Information to parents of an Infant

answer

(1) Keep bathroom doors closed to prevent accidental drowning (2) Crib slats need to be less than 2.375 inches apart to prevent accidental strangulation (3) Water heater should be no higher than 120F (49C) to prevent accidental burns (4) Clip pacifier onto clothing during naps (not around neck) to prevent strangulation

question

AIDS patients

answer

(1) examine oral mucous membranes (candidiasis) (2) Watch for wasting syndrome (encourage client to consume 1.2 - 2.0 g/kg of protein daily) + Increase calorie intake by 25%

question

Medicaid eligibility

answer

Low income + no insurance

question

What should the nurse do when one member of a support group expresses anger repeatedly?

answer

Focus more on the group members who have a positive outlook (Speak to group member privately to uncover source of anger)

question

What should nurse do when a member of support group tries to monopolize (control) the discussion

answer

Remind the group that everyone should have a chance to participate

question

What should nurse do when a member of support group remains silent throughout meetings?

answer

Divide the group into pairs + give each pair a topic for discussion + Give member extra time to compose thoughts before expressing them

question

Tuberculin skin testing = false-negative results from...

answer

(1) Advanced HIV or AIDS = immunocompromised patients who are unable to produce an immune response (2) Time between exposure + screening = 9 weeks following exposure (3) Age of client = older adults due to changes in immune system

question

Tuberculin skin testing = False-Positive results

answer

(1) BCG Vaccination = up to 10 years following vaccination

question

Urgent vs Nonurgent Approach to Client Care

answer

FIRST assess the NEED (collects data on client/community = program planning) *Needs of community determines all other steps of planning process*

question

Prevalence Proportion

answer

# of EXISTING cases in population at specific time/Total population

question

Attack Rate

answer

Population exposed to specific agent who develop the disease/ Total people exposed

question

Incidence Proportion

answer

# of NEW cases in population at specific time/ Total population (Newly diagnosed)

question

Lead exposure teaching

answer

(1) Increase amount of red meat + milk in child's diet (Increase IRON + CALCIUM to prevent lead absorption from environment) (2) Use Wet sanding technique to prevent aerosolizing lead particles (3) Wet mop wood floors (don't vacuum) to prevent aerosolizing lead particles (4) Use cold tap water when preparing infant formula since hot water dissolves lead more quickly from pipe

question

12-step programs

answer

"At NA meetings, your willingness to change will be crucial for sobriety" (1) must be willing to make amends (2) People who have addictions are powerless over them (3) Disease theory = not responsible for their symptoms but are responsible for getting treatment for their diseases (4) Must be able to admit defeat + surrender to a higher power

question

Asthma Teaching

answer

(1) Stay indoors during cold weather = triggers asthma (2) Still able to play sports (3) Rescue medication is used when experiencing an exacerbation (NOT DAILY) (4) Receive a flu shot to decrease risk of flu-related respiratory complications

question

Type 1 DM teaching

answer

(1) Consult with dietician to determine appropriate school lunch for child (2) Eat a snack within 2 hrs of physical activity (3) DON'T provide info to insurance company (4) Test ketone levels when client is sick or blood glucose levels are elevated (not daily)

question

Primary Prevention

answer

Prevention of the initial occurrence of disease/injury (DOES NOT have it) *Nutrition Education *Family planning/Sex education *Smoking education *Communicable disease education *Education about health + hygiene *Safety education *Prenatal education *Advocating for access to health care, healthy environments * Immunizations (prevents disease)

question

What med does Ginkgo Biloba effect?

answer

Warfarin due to hindering coagulation properties

question

How do you report Lyme Disease?

answer

Based on Individual State Law

question

What is the best strategy to determine if teaching was effective?

answer

Demonstration on breast model

question

Roles of School Nurse

answer

*Case Manager = schedule speech therapy + physical therapy appointments that do not interfere with academic schedule

question

School child is diagnosed with pertussis

answer

(1) Instruct parent to keep child home until coughing stage has passed (when disease is most communicable) (2) Encourage family members to obtain prophylactic treatment (erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin) (3) Check immunizations status of child's classmates (4) pneumococcal vaccine is not effective against pertussis

question

Peripheral IV vs (PICC) Peripherally inserted central catheter

answer

(1) Central Cath can stay in place for a year or more (peripheral catheters must be replaced every 72 - 96 hrs) (2) Both can have clots but an anti-thrombolytic agent can dissolve a clot in PICC (peripheral IV = clot must be removed + replaced by nurse) (3) Both causes infections (4) PICC requires daily flushing to maintain patency

question

Primary Syphilis vs Secondary Syphyilis

answer

Primary = Chancre (painless, ulcer) Secondary = Malaise, Maculopapular rash on palms + soles of feet, Lymphadenopathy

question

Risk Factors for Family Violence

answer

(1) Attempting to END relationship with partner (2) Physical problems + cognitive decline = elder abuse (abusers thrive on dependence + codependence with victim (3) Substance use disorder (alcohol + drugs)

question

Hepatitis C

answer

Disease affects the liver (usually asymptomatic) --> Cirrhosis * Transmitted through Blood + Bodily Fluids (sex) * Consume diet high in carbs + calories

question

Inhalation Anthrax

answer

(1) Exposed person may develop dry cough, mild chest pain, fever, fatigue (2) Not transmitted from person to person (3) Tx = COMBO of ATB's (4) Fatality rate = 95 - 100%

question

Pollution effects on preschool children

answer

(1) Children drink more water for their body weight (take in more toxins from water) (2) Kidneys filter at smaller rate in children (less able to filter out toxins that enter body) (3) Children breathe more rapidly (increases exposure to air pollutants) (4) Both indoor + outdoor pollutants increase frequency + severity of asthma attacks

question

Diabetes patient w/ Peripheral Neuropathy

answer

(1) Test bath water w/ thermometer (prevent burns) (2) Wear shoes that extend 2.54 cm (1 inch) past longest toe (3) Don't use heating pads or ice packs (4) Inspect feet for areas of redness + skin breakdown daily (5) Monitor temperature of feet + lower extremities for changes

question

Public Health nurse.....

answer

Reviews morbidity + mortality data for the community

question

Community Health Nurse...

answer

(1) Cares for mothers + newborns (health of individuals, families, groups in community) (2) Review meds (individual + family illnesses) (3) Provide allergy shots (illness care)

question

What can help a hospice patient who has dyspnea?

answer

A fan in the client's room (moves air which stimualtes trigeminal nerve + minimizes sensation of dyspnea)

question

When should you stop oral intake on a hospice patient?

answer

When they experience noisy breathing

question

What immunizations are CONTRAINDICATED for pregnant women + which SHOULD be given?

answer

Contraindicated = Herpes Zoster + Varicella + MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) Should give = TDaP (Tetanus, Diphtheria, Pertussis)

question

Patient recovering from a stroke

answer

(1) Use a hand-held mirror to improve ability to see objects around you (altered visual perception + decreased visual fields) (2) Encourage self-care (3) Nurse manager should coordinate outpatient therapy BEFORE discharge (4) Dress + Care for affected side of body first to prevent unilateral body neglect

question

Which Virus(s) is NOT transmitted through Blood?

answer

Hepatitis A + HPV

question

Which Virus(s) are transmitted through Blood?

answer

HIV + Hep B + Hep C

question

Early stages of Alzheimers

answer

(1) Difficulty Learning New things (2) Short term memory loss (3) Subtle changes in personality

question

Later stages of Alzheimers

answer

(1) Withdrawal from social activities (2) Loss of language skills + moderate cognitive decline (3) Neglecting personal hygiene (lose ability + willingness to perform ADL's = bathing, grooming, dressing)

question

Long term effects of NSAIDS (Ibuprofen)

answer

Gastric Ulcerations, perforations, hemorrhage, hypertension

question

Health Belief Model

answer

Change at individual level Take an action to avoid disease

question

Milio's Framework for Prevention

answer

Based on health belief model Change at COMMUNITY level Relationships between health deficits + resources Behavior changes w/ large number of people = social change

question

Community-Based Nursing Focuses on....

answer

Individuals + Families Illness Care = manage acute/chronic conditions (1) Home health nurse performing wound care for client who is immobile (management of acute condition) (2) A school nurse teaching a student who has asthma about medications (management of chronic condition)

question

Community-Oriented Nursing Focuses on....

answer

At-risk Individuals, Families, Groups + community Health Care: Determine HEALTH NEEDS of community, Intervene to improve collective health of community (1) Occupational Health nurse providing classes on body mechanics at a local industrial plant (2) A parish nurse teaching a class on low-sodium cooking techniques (3) A mental health nurse discussing stress management techniques with support group

question

Community Health Nursing Practice

answer

Maintain health of population by delivering health services to individuals, families, groups to impact "community health" PREVENT + MAINTAIN Disease

question

Public Health Nursing Practice

answer

Maintain health of population through disease + disability prevention + health protection of community as a whole - Assessment of health of populations - Development of policies to support health of populations - Ensuring essential health services are available to all persons

question

Distributive Justice

answer

Fair distribution of benefits + burdens in society based on needs + contributions of members = eligibility for health care services based on income + fiscal resources

question

Epidemiology is the study of...

answer

Health-related trends in populations * Based on statistical evidence to determine rate of spread of disease + proportion of people affected * Spread, transmission, incidence of disease + injury * Relationships among agent, host, + environment

question

Fidelity

answer

Keeping commitments + following through with promises

question

Veracity

answer

Concept of telling the truth

question

What are part of Host Factors in Epi Triangle?

answer

* Ethnicity * Altered Immunity

question

Acculturation

answer

Adapting to a new culture = changes in daily living practices * Merging w/ or adopting traits of a different culture *Change in language, education, work, recreation, social experiences, health care system

question

What is method for determining current + past environmental exposures?

answer

"I PREPARE" I = Investigate potential exposures P= Present work R = Residence E = Environmental concerns (air, water, soil) P = Past work A = Activities (hobbies, activities) R = Referrals + Resources E = Educate (risk reduction, prevention, follow-up)

question

International Health Organizations

answer

World Health Organization (WHO) * Provides daily info regarding occurrence of diseases * World standards for ATB's + Vaccines * Focuses on health care workforce + education, environment, sanitation, infectious diseases, maternal/child health, primary care

question

Medicare

answer

Must be older than 65 + receiving Social Security or disability for 2 years A = Hospital + Home care B = Medical care + Diagnostic services C = Private insurance company (A + B) D = Prescription drug coverage

question

Medicaid

answer

Provides health care coverage for individuals of low socioeconomic status + children *Eligibility based on household size + income *Inpatient + Outpatient hospital care, vaccines for children, family planning, screening, diagnosis, treatment of children younger than 21

question

State Health Agencies

answer

State Departments of Health * WIC (Women, Infants, Children) programs *Medicaid program administration * Notifiable communicable diseases within state to the CDC

question

What is first action of cultural assessment?

answer

Gather data about the client's cultural beliefs *Nutritional practices, family structure, health care interactions, views about illness

question

Local Health Department

answer

Provide EDUCATION to achieve community health goals Coordinate directives from state personnel (1) Identify + intervene to meet health needs of local community (2) Work closely w/ local officials, businesses (3) Report notifiable communicable diseases to state departments of health

question

What is the foundation for community-specific program planning?

answer

Community ASSESSMENT + DIAGNOSIS

question

6 Steps of Analyzing Community Assessment Data

answer

(1) Gathering collected data into database (2) Assess completeness of data (3) Identify + generate missing data (4) Synthesize data + identify themes (5) Identify community needs + problems (6) Identify community strengths + resources

question

Informant Interviews

answer

Direct conversations with individual community members for the purpose of obtaining ideas + opinions

question

What are aggregates?

answer

Receive services from community health nurses *Individuals (infancy - death) * Families * Groups in community

question

What is priority of Hospice care?

answer

CONTROLLING SYMPTOMS

question

Occupational Health Nurse Role

answer

Health + Safety of Workers *Improvement + maintenence of health *OSHA *NACOSH = collects data on incidence + prevalence of occupational illness + injury

question

What is CIRCLE Model of Spiritual Care

answer

C = Caring I = Intuition R = Respect for religious beliefs C = Caution L = Listening E = Emotional Support

question

Faith Community Nurse

answer

(1) Missionary Nurse = promote health + prevent disease by meeting spiritual, physical, and emotional needs of people across the globe (2) Parish Nurse = Promote health + wellness of populations of faith communities (church members) (Holistic approach to healing = body, mind, spirit) - Liason between faith communities + local resources - Spiritual support (strengths for coping)

question

School Nurse Roles (7)

answer

(1) Case manager = coordinates services for children with complex health needs (2) Community outreach = meet needs of all school-age children (3) Consultant = assists student, families, in info gathering + decision-making about health needs + resources (4) Counselor = Supports students (5) Direct Caregiver = nursing care to ill or injured (6) Health Educator = prepare people/community to make well-informed health decisions (7) Researcher = contributes to knowledge for school health + educational needs

question

Physical Agents in work-related illness/injuries

answer

NOISE + LIGHTING

question

Biological Agents in work-related illness/injuries

answer

Virus

question

Work site survey includes....

answer

Work practices of employees as a WHOLE

question

Individual Assessment of individual potential for violence

answer

*History of being abused * Low self-esteem * Poor self-control * Fear + Distrust of others * Inadequate social skills * Minimal social support * Weak coping skills

question

What is priority when dealing with abuse clients?

answer

(1) Develop a plan for safety (2) Make referrals for community services

question

Alcohol Use Manifestations of Withdrawal

answer

Body burns 0.5 oz of alcohol per hour * Withdrawal appears within 4-12 hours * Irritability + Tremors + Anxiety * Nausea + Vomiting + HA * Diaphoresis * Sleep Disturbances * TACHYCARDIA + HTN Use Benzodiazepines = tx

question

Health Issues of Homeless Populations

answer

*Upper Respiratory Disorders * TB * Infestations (scabies, lice) * Dental Carries * Hypothermia + Heat-related illness * Malnutrition

question

Rural Residents .....

answer

(1) Higher infant + maternal morbidity rates (2) Higher rates of DM (3) Higher rates of SUICIDE (4) Less likely to receive preventative care

question

Veterans in US

answer

25 million veterans *2 million women * 9 million > 65 years old

question

What are signs of Child Neglect?

answer

* Underweight = malnourished * Poor Hygiene

question

What are signs of Child Abuse?

answer

* Healing spiral fracture * Burns on palms of hands

question

Nicotine Teaching

answer

(1) Tolerance to nicotine develops quickly (2) Smoking is the FIRST preventable cause of death in the US (3) Nicotine is a CNS STIMULANT (4) Withdrawal effects from smoking are substantial = increase physical dependence

question

What is the FASTEST growing segment of homeless population?

answer

Families with Children

question

Communicable Diseases: Airborne Transmission

answer

Inhaled by susceptible host *Measles *Chickenpox *TB *Pertussis (whooping cough) *Influenza

question

Communicable Diseases: Foodborne

answer

Bacterial, Viral, Parasitic infection of food *Salmonellosis *Hepatitis A = Oral/Fecal stool * Trichinosis * E.Coli

question

Communicable Diseases: Waterborne

answer

Fecal contamination of water *Cholera * Typhoid Fever * Gardia lamblia

question

Communicable Diseases: Vector-borne

answer

Via a carrier such as a mosquito or tick *Lyme Disease *Malaria *Rocky Mountain spotted fever

question

How does reporting communicable diseases work? Who mandates them?

answer

Mandated by STATE + LOCAL regulations - State notification to CDC is VOLUNTARY

question

Bioterrorism : Category A

answer

Highest priority: national security = easily transmitted + high mortality rates * Smallpox (variola) * Botulism toxin * Anthrax * Tularemia * Hemorrhagic viral fevers * Plague

question

Bioterrorism: Category B

answer

Second-highest priority: Moderately easy to transfer + high morbidity/mortality rates * Typhus * Cholera

question

Bioterrorism: Category C

answer

Third-highest priority: emerging pathogens that can be engineered for mass dissemination (easy to produce) + high morbidity/mortality rates * Hantavirus

question

Manifestations of Inhalational Anthrax

answer

HA + Fever + Muscle Aches Chest discomfort + Severe Dyspnea Shock *IV ciprofloxacin (Cipro) prophylactically for exposure or high-risk of exposure * ATB's DO NOT stop the disease progression

question

Manifestations of Botulism

answer

Difficulty Swallowing + Breathing Progressive Weakness Nausea/Vomiting/Abdominal Cramps *Airway management *Antitoxin *Supportive Care

question

Manifestations of Smallpox

answer

High FEVER + Fatigue Severe HA + Vomiting RASH (beginning on FACE + TONGUE --> rest of body) = pus-filled lesions NO CURE Prevention = vaccine (10 years of immunity)

question

Portals of Entry (diseases)

answer

ORGANS (1) Respiratory passages (2) GI Tract (3) Mucous Membranes (4) Skin (5) GU Tract (6) Eyes (7) Blood Vessels

question

Portals of Exit (diseases)

answer

LIQUIDS (1) Respiratory SECRETIONS (2) Feces (3) Blood (4) Semen + Vaginal Secretions (5) Saliva (6) Skin lesion exudates

question

What is component of Disaster Prevention?

answer

Identifying community vulnerabilities

question

What is component of Disaster Recovery?

answer

Providing stress counseling

question

What is component of Disaster Preparedness?

answer

Outlining specific ROLES of community agencies

question

What is component of Disaster Response?

answer

Prioritizing care of individuals

question

What is main priority for continuity of care?

answer

Partnerships within the community --> desired health outcomes *Groups partnering to elicit needed change

question

What is role of Consultant?

answer

Specialized knowledge who provide expert advice, services, + information * Notify provider of client's needs * Seek expertise from health care professionals * Request expert opinions

question

What are the steps in the Referral Process?

answer

Educating clients about community resources + self-care measures (1) Engage working relationship w/ client (2) Establish criteria for referral (3) Explore resources (4) Accept client decision to use given resource (5) Make the referral (6) Facilitate referral (7) Evaluate outcome

question

When does Discharge planning begin?

answer

At Admission

question

Case Management nursing involves:

answer

*Decreasing cost by improving client outcomes * Providing education to optimize health participation * Advocating for services + client's rights

question

Informatics

answer

Combination of nursing science w/ information + communication technologies in delivery of nursing care *Electronic records, database, billing

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Telehealth

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Delivery of quality health care through the use of technology *Transfers information easily between providers improving access to health care * Allows nurses to provide care to clients at home * Transmission of physical data * Transmission of Audio data * Transmission of Visual Data

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Lobbyists

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Persuade or Influence legislators

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Coalitions

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Facilitation of goal achievement through collaboration of two or more groups

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Public Office

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Serving Society + Advocating for change by influencing policy development through public service

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What is an example of consultant role?

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Updating state officials about health needs of local community *Concerned w/ healthcare NEEDS of individuals, families, + groups within community

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What is an example of a nurse acting as a change agent?

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Advocating for federal funding of local health screening programs

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What is an example of a nurse acting as a Case Manager?

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Review available resources w/ the client

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What is an example of a nurse acting as a Caregiver?

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Performing health screenings for high blood pressure at local health fair

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What is the FIRST step in referring a patient?

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Identify referrals that the client NEEDS

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What is an example of resource barrier?

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(1) Costs associated w/ services (2) Attitudes of health care personnel (3) Physical accessibility of resources

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What are client barriers?

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(1) Decreased motivation (2) Inadequate knowledge of resources (3) Lack of transportation (4) Finances + Cultural Factors

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