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name the five levels of communication

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intrapersonal, interpersonal, transpersonal, small group, and public

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a level of communication in which a nurse uses self talk in preparation to deal with something.

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intrapersonal communication

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which level of communication would a nursing student be telling herself "I can do this" or one telling herself "I can't do this."

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intrapersonal communication

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a level of communication in which two or more nurses communicate with each other in order to exchange messages

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interpersonal communication

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most of a nurses day is spent interacting with what level of communication?

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interpersonal communication

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level of communication that effects the nurse's role as a caregiver, teacher, counselor, leader, manager, and patient advocate.

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interpersonal communication

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level of communication that occurs with a person's spiritual domain.

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transpersonal communication

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forms of this level of communication are prayer, meditation, reflection, and religious rituals as a means of connecting with their "higher power."

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transpersonal communication

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level of communication that occurs when a nurse interacts with 2 or more people.

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small group communication

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an example of this level of communication would be staff meetings, patient care conferences, teaching sessions, support groups.

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small group communication

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level of communication that interact with an audience

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public communication

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this level of communication requires the use of eye contact, gestures, voice reflections, and use of media materials to enhance communication.

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public communication

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referent, sender, receiver, message, channels, feedback, interpersonal variables, and environment are all _________ __ ____________

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elements of communication

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element of communication that MOTIVATES one person to communicate with another.

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referent

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element of communication that represents the person who initiates the conversation. puts ideas or feelings into a form that is transmitted and is responsible for the accuracy of the message and its emotional tone.

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sender or encoder

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element of communication that represents the person who must translate the message given from the sender

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receiver or decoder

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element of communication that Is the content of the communication. Can be verbal or non-verbal, must be appropriate for the situation.

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message

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element of communication that is used to send and receive messages through visual, auditory, and tactile senses.

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channels

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element of communication that validates the message has been understood as it was intended, can be verbal and nonverbal.

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feedback

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element of communication that means the factors in the receiver and sender that influence communication.

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interpersonal variables

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element of communication that is the setting for the interaction between the receiver and the sender.

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environment

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examples of what element of communication? Perception Education level Developmental level Sociocultural backgrounds Values and beliefs Emotions Gender Physical health status Roles and relationships

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interpersonal variables

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examples of what element of communication? should be conducive to physical and emotional comfort, and safety in order for effective communication to take place.

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environment

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examples of what element of communication? actile sense: touch Visual examples: written pamphlets Auditory examples: recordings, phone messages.

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channels

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Examples of what level of communication? sights, sounds, odors, time schedules, emotions, objectives, perceptions, sensations, ideas.

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referent

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exchange of information using verbal or written words

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verbal communication

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use of __________ is a factor in verbal communication

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language

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____________ is a prescribed way of using words so that people can share information effectively in verbal communication

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language

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factors of _____________ _____________ include vocabulary, denotation and connotation meaning, pacing, intonation, clarity and brevity, timing, relevance,

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verbal communication

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Factor of verbal communication: healthcare workers use technical terms that aren't familiar to the average Joe.

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vocabulary

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Factor of verbal communication: ___________ is the literal term, ____________implied or emotional word

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denotation connotation

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Factor of verbal communication: If the message is too fast, the receiver does not have time to process the information. Speaking too slowly will interfere with maintaining the listener's interest.

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pacing

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Factor of verbal communication: Reflects the feelings behind the words, includes the pitch, tone, volume, and cadence

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Intonation

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Factor of verbal communication: __________ in communication requires that you select words that convey the intended message. Speak slowly, enunciate clearly and use examples to clarify concepts. Repeating important concepts helps to clarify. whereas; ________ is communication in a concise manner.

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Clarity Brevity

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factor of verbal communication: critical in the communication process with your client. Is this an appropriate time to interact with your client? What about the presence of others?

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timing

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factor of verbal communication: Is the message appropriate does it relate if not, then that will hinder the communication between the sender and receiver.

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relevance

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__________ that influence communication are: intimate, personal, social, and public.

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distances

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distance that influences communication: Distance surrounding an individual, referred to as "private or personal space." - Distance 0 to 18 inches. - Can sense each others smell, hear in a low volume. - Body contact occurs.

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intimate distance

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distance that influences communication: example: changing a dressing, holding an infant, feeding a patient.

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intimate distance

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distances that influence communication: - 18 inches to 4 feet of interaction - Distance of interaction with clients and healthcare team members.

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personal distance

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distances that influence communication: example: shift report, client teaching, obtaining information from a client.

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personal distance

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distances that influence communication: 4 feet to 12 feet in distance. - More formal distance during interaction with a group of people.

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social distance

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distances that influence communication: example: Teaching a diabetes class, support group, making rounds with a physician.

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social distance

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distances that influence communication: Distance greater than 12 feet.

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public distance

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distances that influence communication: example: public speaking to a large group, such as the presidential campaign forum, lecturing to a class of students.

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public distance

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A helping relationship exists among people who provide assistance to others with the goal of meeting their needs. It is the foundation of clinical nursing practice.

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Nurse-Patient helping relationship

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four phases of the _______________________ are: 1.preinteraction phase 2.orientation phase 3.working phase 4.termination phase

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Nurse Patient Helping relationship

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phase of the nurse-patient helping relationship that: Occurs before you meet the client. - Collect information about the client include any caregivers. - Identify any health concerns or issues about the client requiring attention. - Identify the location and setting that fosters a comfortable, private environment.

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preinteraction phase

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phase of the nurse-patient helping relationship that: Begins when the nurse and client identify each other by name. - Set the tone by adopting a warm, empathetic, caring manner. - The role of both people are clarified. - An agreement or contract is developed. Agreement usual verbal and outlines the goals of the relationship, location, frequency, length of contract and duration.

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orientation phase

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phase of the nurse-patient helping relationship that: - Nurse and client work together to develop solve problems and develop goals. - Encourage patient to express feelings about their health. - Provide information needed to understand and change behavior. - Take actions to meet goals. - Use therapeutic communication skills.

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working phase

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phase of the nurse-patient helping relationship that: - Remind the patient that the termination is near. - Evaluate the goals that have been established. - Reminisce about the relationship with the patient. - Separate from the patient be relinquishing responsibility for his or her care. - Achieve a smooth transition for the patient to other caregivers if required.

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termination phase

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includes: 1.active listening 2.touch 3.sharing humor 4.silence 5.providing information 6.clarifying information 7.focusing 8.paraphrasing 9.asking relevant information 10.summarizing 11.sharing observations 12.sharing empathy 13.sharing hope 14.sharing feelings 15.self-disclosure 16.confrontation

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therapeutic communication techniques

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therapeutic communication techniques: listen to verbal message, observe non verbal message, and allow speaker to finish uninterrupted

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active listening

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therapeutic communication techniques: sends a powerful message

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touch

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therapeutic communication techniques: releases physical and physiological energy

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sharing humor

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therapeutic communication techniques: allows nurse to focus on nonverbal cues, and allows patient to concentrate

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silence

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therapeutic communication techniques: share relevant info with client

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providing information

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therapeutic communication techniques: check the clients understanding

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clarifying information

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therapeutic communication techniques: ask questions that hoan in on the concern

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focusing

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therapeutic communication techniques: restate what the client said in your own words

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paraphrasing

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therapeutic communication techniques: ask open-ended questions and one question at a time

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asking relevant information

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therapeutic communication techniques: highlight the high points of the conversation

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summarizing

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therapeutic communication techniques: comment on how patient looks, feels, or acts

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sharing observations

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therapeutic communication techniques: the ability to understand and accept another person's reality, accurately perceive feelings, and communicate this understanding to the other.

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sharing empathy

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therapeutic communication techniques: communicate a sense of possibility

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sharing hope

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therapeutic communication techniques: makes nurse seem more human

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sharing feelings

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therapeutic communication techniques: disclosing personal experiences about ones self that are intentionally revealed to another person.

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sharing disclosure

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therapeutic communication techniques: When you as the nurse confront someone in a therapeutic manner. ex. " You say you've already decided what to do, you're still talking a lot about your options."

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confrontation

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helps with active listening sit facing client open posture lean towards client eye contact relax

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SOLER

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these include: 1.giving personal opinion 2.false reassurance 3.Being defensive 4.showing approval or disapproval 5.asking for explanations 6.changing the subject 7.sympathy 8.automatic response 9.passive or aggressive response 10.arguing 11.

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non therapeutic communication techniques:

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non therapeutic communication techniques: takes the decision making away from the client

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giving personal opinion

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non therapeutic communication techniques: Gives reassurance that is not based on the real situation. - Enhances anxiety. - Increases the individual's need to seek further reassurance.

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false reassurance

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non therapeutic communication techniques: Becoming _____________ due to criticism from the client implies that the client does not have a right to their opinion.

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being defensive

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non therapeutic communication techniques: Indicates that the nurse is in a position of judging what is right or wrong.

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showing approval/disapproval

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non therapeutic communication techniques: Causes resentment, insecurity, and mistrust.

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asking for explanations

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non therapeutic communication techniques: interferes with communication..client may realize you are uncomfortable with the subject and that may hinder what they tell you

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changing the subject

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non therapeutic communication techniques: Is concern, sorrow or pity felt for a client that allows the nurse to over identify with the client. - The nurse loses a clear perspective that prevents effective problem solving.

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sympathy

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non therapeutic communication techniques: making stereotypical remarks that compromise the nurse patient relationship

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automatic responses

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non therapeutic communication techniques: responses avoid conflict or sidestep the issue. Reflect feelings of sadness, depression, anxiety or powerlessness. response provokes confrontation

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passive or aggressive response

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non therapeutic communication techniques: becoming defensive and challenging what the client says or believes

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arguing

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reasons for ____________ include: 1. Communication with healthcare professionals 2. Diagnostic & therapeutic orders 3. Auditing and Monitoring 4. Research 5. Legal documentation 6. Reimbursement

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documentation

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reasons for documentation: ‐ Helps members of the healthcare team interact with one another. ‐ Enhances the continuity of care. ‐ Reflects patient progress and plan of care.

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communication with healthcare professionals

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reasons for documentation: - Diagnostic and therapeutic orders can be found in the patient's chart. - Anyone reading the chart can review the diagnostic tests that have been ordered since admission including results.

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Diagnostic and Therapeutic Orders

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reasons for documentation: ‐ Charts are reviewed randomly to determine if standards of care are being met. ‐ Adequacy of documentation ‐ Improve the quality of care provided to patients.

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Auditing and Monitoring

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reasons for documentation: ‐ Research is often conducted on patient records as a means of collecting data, identifying contributing factors, similarities in the presentation of the disease, effective treatment, and refine patient care.

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Research

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reasons for documentation: - The patient record serves as a legal document that could be used in a court of law. - Documentation by the healthcare professional should be concise and thorough.

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legal documentation

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reasons for documentation: so that insurance companies see the hospital did in fact use all of the supplies they said they did because they were all documented

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reimbursement

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good ____________ follows theses principles: 1. accurate 2. complete 3. current 4. organized 5. factual

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documentation

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principle of good documentation includes proper grammar and spelling and shows competency

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accurate

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principle of good documentation a complete description of the essential and accurate information/observations

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complete

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principle of good documentation document in a timely fashion to maintain currency

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current

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principle of good documentation each entry must show a logical and systematic approach coincides with nurses notes

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organized

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principle of good documentation Includes descriptive and OBJECTIVE information

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factual

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S= Subjective Data O= Objective Data A= Assessment P= Plan

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soap

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s in soap

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subjective data

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o in soap

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objective data

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a in soap

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assessment

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p in soap

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plan

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soap with intervention and evaluation

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soapie

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i in soapie

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intervention

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e in soapie

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evaluation

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problem,intervention,evaluation

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pie

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p in pie

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problem

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i in pie

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intervention

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e in pie

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evaluation

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data action response

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dar

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d in dar

answer

data

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a in dar

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action

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r in dar

answer

response

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