Common Core 8th Grade Math Vocabulary – Flashcards
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transformation
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moving a shape so that it is in a different position, but still has the same size, area, angles and line lengths
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pre-image
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the original image before transformation
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image
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a figure resulting from a transformation
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rotation
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a transformation made by rotating (turning or spinning) a figure around a given point
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reflection
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a transformation created by reflecting (flipping) an image over a line
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translation
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a transformation created by sliding an object
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dilation
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a transformation created proportionally by enlarging or reducing a figure
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congruent
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having the same size and shape
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exterior angles
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an angle formed outside a polygon by extending one of its sides
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plane
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a flat, 2D surface that goes in all directions forever
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transversal
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a line that intersects (crosses) two or more lines in a given plane
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proof
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a convincing demonstration that a mathematical statement is true
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hypotenuse
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the side opposite the right angle - it is also the longest side of a right triangle
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Pythagorean Theorem
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in a right triangle the square of the length of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the lengths of the legs A²+B²=C²
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cone volume
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the number of cubic units needed to fill a cone
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cylinder volume
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the number of cubic units needed to fill a cylinder
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sphere volume
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the number of cubic units needed to fill a sphere
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rational number
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a number that can be expressed as a ratio (fraction) of two integers - terminating and repeating decimals are considered rational
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irrational number
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a number that can NOT be expressed as a ratio of two integers or as a repeating or terminating decimal - Pi or any square root of an imperfect square are considered irrational
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radical symbol
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the symbol used to represent the non-negative square root of a number
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square root
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one of two equal factors (multiplication) of a number - it is the side of a square
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cubed root
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one of three equal factors (multiplication) of a number - it is the side of a cube
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scientific notation
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a method of writing very large (34,200,000) or very small (0.0000029) numbers using powers of 10
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linear function
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a function (equation) whose graph is a straight line
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non-linear function
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a function (equation) whose graph is NOT a straight line
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function (equation or rule)
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an input-output relationship that has exactly one output (y-value) for each input (x-value)
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scatter plot
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a graph with points plotted to show a possible relationship between two sets of data
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bivariate measurement
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involves the analysis of two variables for the purpose of determining a relationship
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outlier
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a value much greater or much less than the others in a set of data - any data point 1.5 times the interquartile range away from the 1st quartile (lower quartile) or 3rd quartile (upper quartile)
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line of best fit
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a straight line that comes closest to the points on a scatter plot - having an equal number of points above and below the line
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linear equation
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an equation that makes a straight line when it is graphed - also called a linear function
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slope
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a measure of the steepness of a line on a graph - m - rise over run - pattern of the y-outputs
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intercepts
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points where a line crosses the x-axis and y-axis
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slope-intercept form
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a linear equation written in the form y = mx + b, where m represents slope and b represent the y-intercept
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coefficient
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the number that is multiplied by (in front of) the variable in an algebraic expression
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variable
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a symbol for an unknown number - usually expressed as a letter
