Comm 114 Test Out – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
What is a clincher?
answer
it is a sort of conclusion that resolves any questions or claims previously put forth
question
What percentage should the intro make up?
answer
10%
question
What percentage should the body make up?
answer
85%
question
What percentage should the conclusion make up?
answer
5%
question
What should be included in an intro?
answer
-establish credibility -preview the topic -outline the main points -gain the audience's attention -relate the material to the audience
question
What should be included in the body?
answer
-clearly organized -main points with supporting subpoints -transitions
question
What should be included in the conclusion?
answer
-reiterate the main points in a new way -draw arguments to a close -summarize and signal the end of the speech
question
How should you respond if you're asked a question that you don't know the answer to?
answer
-be honest -ask audience members for an answer -say you could get back to them later with an answer -state that you're not familiar with that info
question
What are the points of an outline?
answer
-transitions -main points -subpoints -sub-sub points -equal support -coordination of indentation levels and symbols
question
Types of transitions
answer
Directional: used to move between main points Signpost: alert the audience to the exact location in the presentation (in summary, the first cause, the most important point) Internal Preview: lie in main points and show the reader what is ahead Internal Review: lie in main points and reiterate what has already been said
question
How can a speaker enhance their credibility?
answer
use a credibility statement, describe previous experience and education, why they're an expert
question
How can a speaker undermine their credibility?
answer
giving inaccurate information, not citing sources
question
Logos
answer
Logical appeal, appeals to a person's intelligence. Use of inductive or deductive reasoning to support claims they made in their speech, use evidence like statistics and direct quotes to strengthen their points
question
Ethos
answer
Establishes the credibility of a speaker. It's made up of expertise and trustworthiness. Could involve a discussion of what makes the speaker qualified to speak about the topic, the actual delivery of the speech, and evidence of their qualifications.
question
Pathos
answer
The emotional approach, used to appeal to the emotional side of people. The speaker may choose emotional language, gestures, tone, and stories to go along with the speech to convey passion to the audience.
question
What is an informatory speech?
answer
An informatory speech seeks to create awareness about a certain issue. This type of presentation will introduce new information to the audience that they probably didn't know before.
question
What is an explanatory speech?
answer
This type of presentation will take it a step further than informatory. The speaker will assume that the audience already has some prior knowledge of the topic, and they will be able to go more in depth about the topic.
question
Why are visual aids important?
answer
They allow the audience to better understand a topic through something other than words. They give a graphical representation or information that could aid in the understanding of a subject.
question
Why do speakers use visual aids in presentations?
answer
Visual aids have been proven to increase the clarity of the message, increase audience retention, and overall effectiveness of the speaker.
question
Pie Chart
answer
can be used to compare parts of a whole, show how the different parts of something can go together
question
Bar chart
answer
can easily show the comparison between different items. Can help show ranking, and is a snapshot in time.
question
Line chart
answer
can show the change in one item over time to compare variation or recognize and identify any trends
question
What are the types of fallacies?
answer
Straw person Red herring Slippery slope Ad hominem False analogy
question
Straw person
answer
misrepresents a person or organization by substituting then with a distorted version
question
Red herring
answer
a method in which an irrelevant topic will be brought into discussion to distract from the real issue
question
Slippery slope
answer
asserts that some action will inevitably lead to a chain of events that end in a certain result. One step will lead to a disastrous outcome.
question
Ad hominem
answer
an irrelevant personal attack against a specific person or group rather than their argument
question
False analogy
answer
makes a comparison between two objects that seem to have similar characteristics but are actually different in that area (caffeine addicts are no better than alcoholics)
question
What is inoculation theory
answer
this theory is based on the idea of when a person is inoculated.vaccinated against a certain disease, they will be injected with it to increase their immunity. Consequently, when a person who is attempting to convince an audience of a certain POV on an issue brings up the opposing POV and refutes it, the audience is less likely to succumb to the opposite POV.
question
What are the qualities of effective speech delivery?
answer
Maintain a conversational tone, seem approachable make eye contact with audience Deliver the speech in a natural way, like you would usually speak Vary your inflections, volume, and pitch Enhance the message and make it easier for the audience to understand, correct pronunciation, clear speech, etc
question
What are the different types of speech organizational patterns?
answer
chronological problem solution topical causal
question
Chronological
answer
organizes the material in an ordered sequence. Follows a timeline, steps, process, usually used in historical speeches or instructional
question
Problem Solution
answer
demonstrates a problem to the audience and then proposes a solution, usually used in persuasive or informative speeches
question
Topical
answer
structures that don't fall into other categories, organized by topics and subtopics
question
Causal
answer
establishes a cause and effect relationship between 2 factors
question
What are the different types of presentations?
answer
News Persuasive Informative Asynchronous Instructional Quasi-Scientific
question
News
answer
reports on current events or recent phenomenon from a certain area
question
Persuasive
answer
a speaker will attempt to convince the audience and influence them to change their beliefs on a subject
question
Informative
answer
provide understanding on a topic and convey information about it to the audience
question
Asynchronous
answer
not always viewed at the same time as it was given, so it could be recorded for viewing at a later time
question
Instructional
answer
shows the audience the step by step process of how to perform a certain procedure
question
Quasi-scientific
answer
a presentation relating to a scientific field or phenomenon. More academically focused than other presentations, and geared toward a different audience
question
What are the different types of delivery methods?
answer
impromptu manuscript memorized extemporaneous
question
impromptu
answer
little or no time for advanced preparation
question
manuscript
answer
usually used when wording is important, basically reads off of an exact script word for word
question
memorized
answer
an entire copy of the speech will be written out and then memorized
question
extemporaneous
answer
method is prepared and practiced, but not word for word. Memorizes main ideas, can come across as conversational and flexible, respond to audience
question
What are the different types of gestures in nonverbal language
answer
adaptors illustrators emblems
question
adaptors
answer
reveal things about how we're feeling and our internal state, could convey anxiety, excitement, etc
question
illustrators
answer
most common, are used to enhance and accompany the verbal message, but can't be used without words
question
emblems
answer
gestures that can be directly translated into verbal language (peace sign, thumbs up, etc)
question
Question of fact
answer
used in persuasive speeches to propose a theory and convince the audience that it can be accepted as fact
question
Question of value
answer
can be used in persuasive speeches, and discuss whether something is right or wrong. can imply actions, but aren't a call to action
question
Question of policy
answer
the speaker will attempt to convince the audience to go against the status quo and change policies that are in place
question
Question of intent
answer
can be used in campaign speeches, a speaker will lay out promises to the audience that they intend to "keep"
question
Know the general purposes of a presentation
answer
inform persuade entertain
question
inform
answer
give an audience information on a topic that they previously knew little about
question
persuade
answer
convince an audience to accept what you're saying as fact
question
entertain
answer
should be interesting to audiences and keep their attention for the length of the presentation
question
What is efficacy?
answer
this method can be used in persuasive speeches and can accompany a specific appeal. It is used to make the audience feel as if they can accomplish necessary tasks, so the speaker can produce the intended result. (make the audience aware of steps they can take to quit smoking)
question
How should you orally cite sources?
answer
include the title, author, date, and the author's credentials/title of publication
question
What is an elevator pitch
answer
a way to quickly convince an audience of something. for example, you could convince an employer to hire you, or explain the importance of giving blood
question
What is self-plagiarism?
answer
the act of recycling one's work without citing the fact that it was used previously. reusing old phrases and paragraphs.
