question

Despite McClellan's timid Union attacks, Antietam was a major turning point because:

answer

the close victory afforded President Lincoln the opportunity to announce emancipation.

question

William Lloyd Garrison believed that slavery:

answer

was immoral and should be immediately ended.

question

The term Trail of Tears refers to the:

answer

horrifying conditions experienced by Cherokees during their removal.

question

The Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution outlawed:

answer

slavery everywhere in the United States.

question

The Wilmot Proviso proposed that:

answer

free labor should exist in the territory gained in the Mexican War.

question

This document, issued at the Seneca Falls Convention, called for full female equality

answer

the Declaration of Sentiments

question

America's first large-scale, planned city for the sole purpose of manufacturing was:

answer

Lowell, Massachusetts.

question

The spoils system features a strategy in which:

answer

government jobs are given to supporters of the victorious party.

question

Who coined the phrase "manifest destiny"?

answer

John L. O'Sullivan

question

Nat Turner's revolt is significant because:

answer

it confronted the idea that slaves were content in bondage.

question

The Compromise of 1850 established which of the following statutes?

answer

all of the above

question

Results of the Kansas-Nebraska Act included:

answer

a bloody civil conflict between proslavery and antislavery forces in Kansas.

question

President Johnson's Reconstruction plan included all of the following proposals EXCEPT:

answer

the extension of voting rights to all black males, 21 or older, in the South.

question

The Emancipation Proclamation:

answer

did not apply to border states in the Union.

question

Henry Clay's comprehensive national plan for economic growth that included protective tariffs for American industry and government investment in roads and other internal improvements

answer

American System

question

Also known as the mill town model, a system that relied on factories housing all the distinctive steps of cloth production under a single roof. It depended on a large labor force housed in company-owned dormitories

answer

Waltham System

question

A new reform-based model of incarceration that isolated individuals from one another and gave them a chance to repent and reform. This method was a radical departure from earlier approaches to crime, which cast behavior in terms of sinfulness, innate depravity, and punishment

answer

Penitentiary

question

Bill introduced by a Congressman that would have banned slavery from the territories acquired from Mexico

answer

Wilmot Proviso

question

The movement within the Democratic Party that embraced Manifest Destiny and promoted territorial expansion, increased international trade, and the spread of American ideals of democracy and free enterprise abroad

answer

Young America

question

The 285-mile "scorched earth" campaign of General William T. Sherman across Georgia in late 1864 and early 1865. Sherman's soldiers seized or destroyed $100 million in goods, hurting Southern morale and depriving the Confederate army of supplies

answer

Sherman's March to the Sea

question

White Southerners' derogatory term for fellow whites considered traitors to their region and race for joining the Republican Party and cooperating with Reconstruction policy

answer

Scalawag

question

What occupied President Jackson in the first months of his administration?

answer

a sexual scandal involving his secretary of war, John Eaton

question

Andrew Jackson's chief political strategist during his run for the presidency in 1828 was

answer

Martin Van Buren

question

Why might a rural woman choose to do outwork instead of working at the Lowell Mills?

answer

so that she could continue to do agricultural work at her home

question

Which of the following is accurate regarding the rights of free blacks in the South?

answer

They could work as skilled artisans.

question

Why did architects such as Andrew Jackson Downing and Alexander Jackson Davis reject the Greek Revival style?

answer

They believed that architecture should reflect social status.

question

Which of the following best describes Charles Grandison Finney's theology?

answer

People can seek out salvation and usher in the millennium.

question

What was Abraham Lincoln's position on the Mexican War?

answer

He opposed the war and felt that territorial expansion was a threat to America's future.

question

What occurred in the mid-1830s to spare the beaver from extinction?

answer

Consumers began to prefer silk over fur.

question

All of the following are true of Southern cotton from 1840 to 1860 EXCEPT that

answer

its profitability enabled Southerners to become less dependent on Northern industry.

question

Starting in 1860, Southern states began to secede in response to

answer

the election of Abraham Lincoln.

question

President Lincoln understood that the emancipation of African-American slaves would

answer

provide the Union with a diplomatic advantage.

question

In the Draft Riots in New York City, mobs turned their violence on

answer

African Americans

question

The organization known as the Freedmen's Bureau was established as

answer

an all-purpose relief agency for the South

question

The corruption scandal related to government-subsidized railroads was known as

answer

the Credit Mobilier scandal

question

To inspire newly freed slaves, a Boston Christian organization published the autobiography of

answer

Phillis Wheatley.

question

Results of the Kansas-Nebraska Act included:

answer

A bloody civil conflict between proslavery and antislavery forces in Kansas

question

The Compromise of 1850 established which of the following statutes?

answer

all of the above

question

The Wilmot Proviso proposed that:

answer

Free labor should exist in the territory gained in the Mexican War

question

The nickname for the constituents of the nativist, or anti-immigrant, American Party who called for legislation restricting office holding to native-born citizens and raising the period of naturalization for citizenship from five to twenty-one years

answer

Know Nothings

question

A failed assault led by the radical abolitionist on the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, on October 16, 1859, intending to seize the guns and ammunition and then touch off a wave of slave rebellions

answer

John Brown's raid

question

A network of safe houses and secret hiding places along routes leading to the North and into Canada (where slavery was prohibited) that helped several thousand slaves gain their freedom between 1830 and 1860

answer

Underground Railroad

question

The greatest concern relating to California's desire to enter the Union was

answer

The threat to the balance between free and slave states.

question

The passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act led to the dissolution of

answer

The Whig Party

question

Starting in 1860, Southern states began to secede in response to

answer

The election of Abraham Lincoln

question

Why might many Southerners have been disappointed in their fellow Southerner Zachary Taylor?

answer

Taylor proposed that residents of California and New Mexico decide the question of slavery themselves

question

Southerners' demands that Northerners comply with the Fugitive Slave Act contradicted

answer

Their support of states' rights

question

Why did Franklin Pierce handily win the presidential election of 1852?

answer

As a Northerner with Southern sympathies, he bridged the sectional divide

question

In the controversial Dred Scott decision, the Supreme Court declared that

answer

Neither enslaved nor free African Americans could become citizens

question

John Brown's raid on a federal arsenal occurred in the state of

answer

Virginia

question

Why did poor white Southerners support a slave society in which they had so little power?

answer

They believed in the inferiority of African Americans

question

The Democrats struggled in the presidential election of 1860 after

answer

The party split into sectional factions

question

The creation of interchangeable parts benefited American industry by making it possible to

answer

Speed up the manufacturing process

question

What territories did President Pierce propose acquiring?

answer

Hawaii, Alaska, and Cuba

question

Confederate officials ordered the Union commander of Fort Sumter to surrender when they learned that

answer

President Lincoln had ordered that supplies be sent to the fort

question

What was the effect of the Lincoln-Douglas debates?

answer

Abraham Lincoln became known across the nation

question

The four slave states, Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, and Delaware, that the Lincoln administration succeeded in keeping in the Union

answer

Border States

question

A ban imposed by Confederates in 1861 on the export of the South's most valuable commodity, to prompt cotton-importing nations like England and France to intervene to secure Confederate independence

answer

Cotton Embargo

question

A law passed by Congress in March 1863 to offset declining volunteers to the Union Army. It declared all male citizens (and immigrants who had applied for citizenship) aged twenty to forty-five eligible to be drafted into the Union Army. The rich could pay a $300 fee to avoid the draft

answer

Conscription Act

question

According to the Emancipation Proclamation, emancipation would not go into effect on January 1, 1863 if

answer

the seceded states rejoined the Union

question

General Sherman's capture of which city in 1864 helped to ensure the reelection of President Lincoln?

answer

Atlanta

question

The Trent Affair resulted in the threat of

answer

Britain's entering the war against the Union

question

Which statement about the Civil War is true?

answer

The Civil War caused more American casualties than World War I and World War II combined.

question

Which of the following events happened first during the early days of the Civil War?

answer

The firing on Fort Sumter in South Carolina

question

Which of the following was NOT an advantage for the South?

answer

The South possessed a solid, sizable infrastructure

question

In 1861, President Lincoln suspended the right of habeas corpus for the purpose of

answer

Making it easier to arrest and hold suspected Confederate agents

question

What proved to be General George McClellan's greatest weakness?

answer

His tendency to delay

question

Why did many Southerners object to the incorporation of state militias into a Confederate Army?

answer

They saw it as violating states' rights

question

Where did General Lee surrender to General Grant?

answer

Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia

question

According to the text, how would an invasion and occupation by the North most likely affect class unity in the South?

answer

All classes of white Southerners would likely unify against the North

question

Which provision of the 1863 the Conscription Act led to resentment?

answer

The ability to buy one's way out of the draft in exchange for a high fee

question

Despite being a smashing victory, why did the Battle of Chancellorsville come at a heavy price for the Confederacy?

answer

Provide the Union with a diplomatic advantage

question

Despite McClellan's timid Union attacks, Antietam was a major turning point because:

answer

The close victory afforded President Lincoln the opportunity to announce emancipation

question

The term introduced by General Benjamin Butler to justify his refusal to return fugitive slaves to their owners because they were seized property

answer

Contraband of war

question

A diplomatic incident in November 1861 when a U.S. Navy vessel stopped a British ship and removed two Confederates heading for Europe to press for British and French intervention

answer

Trent Affair

question

How does Senator John Crittenden's personal story reflect the peculiar nature of the Civil War?

answer

He saw two sons become generals on opposite sides in the war

question

How did the war affect women in both the North and South?

answer

They took on new responsibilities outside the domestic domain.

question

Which of the following was a consequence of Pickett's Charge?

answer

A heavy loss of lives for the charging Confederates

question

Whom did President Lincoln name as commander of all Union forces in early 1864?

answer

Ulysses S. Grant

question

Which of the following is NOT one of the grounds upon which President Lincoln defended the arrest of Clement Vallandigham?

answer

Vallandigham's actions damaged Lincoln's political prospects

question

Many of General Grant's victories in Virginia were characterized by

answer

Tens of thousands of Union casualties

question

Which battle left the West firmly in the hands of the Union for the rest of the war?

answer

Murfreesboro

question

What decision by the North early in the war encouraged enslaved African Americans to escape from the South to Union Army camps?

answer

The decision to declare that fugitive slaves were contraband of war

question

On the third day of the Battle of Gettysburg, the Union successfully confronted the Confederate attack, which

answer

Was an all-out frontal assault rather than a flanking maneuver

question

What portion of the total enlisted men in the Union Army and Navy were African Americans?

answer

10 percent

question

At the outset of the war, what strategy was favored by many on both sides of the conflict?

answer

An early and forceful offensive, in anticipation that it would be decisive

question

In 1861, why did the Confederacy establish a ban on the export of cotton?

answer

To coerce Britain and France into recognizing its independence

question

White Southerners' derogatory term for fellow whites considered traitors to their region and race for joining the Republican Party and cooperating with Reconstruction policy

answer

Scalawag

question

Relief agency for the war-ravaged South created by Congress in March 1865. It provided emergency services, built schools, and managed confiscated lands

answer

Freedmen's Bureau

question

Constitutional amendment passed by Congress in 1869 providing an explicit constitutional guarantee for black suffrage

answer

Fifteenth Amendment

question

In the early years of Reconstruction, the majority of teachers who educated Southern freedmen were

answer

white women from the North

question

Churches became the center of African-American life for all of the following reasons EXCEPT that

answer

they were a place to socialize with whites

question

One of the immediate goals of African American colleges was

answer

to train teachers in order to encourage literacy among African Americans

question

In what way did the Mississippi plantations owned by Confederate President Jefferson Davis and his brother Joseph become a model?

answer

Former slaves ran the plantations autonomously

question

The Redeemers portrayed themselves as

answer

the saviors of the South from the injustices of Republican rule

question

In 1867, Republicans in Congress passed the Tenure of Office Act in an attempt to

answer

Weaken the powers of the president.

question

The organization known as the Freedmen's Bureau was established as

answer

an all-purpose relief agency for the South

question

Why did freedmen assert that they were owed land?

answer

They saw Southern property as the product of both their and their ancestors' unpaid labor

question

Why was the Fifteenth Amendment not as effective as it could have been in the enfranchisement of African Americans?

answer

The amendment stated that suffrage could not be denied or abridged because of certain conditions, so Southerners found other reasons to deny African Americans the right to vote.

question

The corruption scandal related to government-subsidized railroads was known as

answer

the Credit Mobilier scandal

question

The term "Jim Crow" referred to

answer

The Southern system of segregation and black disenfranchisement

question

Founded in 1871, Birmingham, Alabama soon became a leading producer of

answer

iron and steel

question

To inspire newly freed slaves, a Boston Christian organization published the autobiography of

answer

Phillis Wheatley

question

Why were white Southerners derisive toward scalawags?

answer

They believed scalawags to be traitors to the white race

question

Who were carpetbaggers?

answer

Northerners who moved south after the Civil War

question

The Black Codes included all of the following EXCEPT

answer

laws preventing blacks from accepting apprenticeships

question

President Johnson's Reconstruction plan included all of the following proposals EXCEPT:

answer

The extension of voting rights to all black males, 21 or older, in the South.

question

Passed by Congress in 1875, it required state governments to provide equal access in public facilities such as schools and to allow African Americans to serve on juries. In 1883 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled it unconstitutional

answer

Civil Rights Act of 1875

question

Laws designed by the ex-Confederate states to sharply limit the civil and economic rights of freedmen and create an exploitable workforce

answer

Black Codes

question

Campaign of violence and intimidation waged by armed groups of whites closely allied with the Democratic Party that drove Republicans from power in the southern state elections of 1874

answer

Mississippi Plan

question

What appeared to be most important to President Lincoln in his vision for Reconstruction?

answer

the reunification and healing of North and South

question

The grandfather clause guaranteed enfranchisement to

answer

any man whose grandfather was eligible to vote before 1867

question

During Reconstruction, the Freedmen's Bureau was able to

answer

greatly increase the number of literate freedmen

question

Which statement best describes the outcome of the Compromise of 1877?

answer

The South gave up the presidency in exchange for more regional autonomy

question

What was the intent of many Northerners who settled in the South during Reconstruction?

answer

They wanted to create a better life for themselves and settle there permanently

question

The House of Representatives voted to impeach President Johnson because

answer

he removed the Secretary of War without their approval

question

On the Sea Islands in the early 1860s, former slaves seemed to aspire to lives as

answer

independent farmers

question

The Wade-Davis Bill was rendered ineffective when

answer

President Lincoln pocket vetoed the bill

question

What combination of factors accounted for the ultimate abandonment of Reconstruction?

answer

weak presidential leadership, the waning engagement of Northerners, and the violence and legal machinations of white Southerners

question

Special Field Order No. 15 provided

answer

land to freedmen

question

Andrew Johnson was selected as President Lincoln's running mate in the 1864 presidential election in order to appeal to

answer

Southern unionists

question

All of the following statements about sharecropping are true EXCEPT that

answer

tenant farmers independently selected the crops that they wanted to cultivate

question

President Grant was re-elected in the 1872 presidential election despite

answer

the scandals that shook his administration

question

President Johnson's plan for Reconstruction was

answer

lenient and designed to restore the Union quickly

question

Which statement would most likely have been said by a Radical Republican in 1865?

answer

"The former Confederate states should be punished for secession and slavery."

question

Which of the following best describes President Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction?

answer

Pardon would be granted to all Southerners who took an oath to the Union

question

The term presidential candidate Jackson's supporters used to attack the alliance between John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay that deprived Clay of the presidency

answer

Corrupt bargain

question

Religious songs created by slaves which drew heavily on biblical themes

answer

Spirituals

question

A reform movement that developed in response to concern over the rising levels of alcohol consumption in America society

answer

Temperance

question

A term coined by editor and columnist John O'Sullivan to describe his belief in America's divine right to expand westward

answer

Manifest Destiny

question

The nickname for the constituents of the nativist, or anti-immigrant, American Party who called for legislation restricting office holding to native-born citizens and raising the period of naturalization for citizenship from five to twenty-one years

answer

Know Nothings

question

Northern Democrats (sometimes called "Peace Democrats") who opposed the war and the Lincoln administration and favored a negotiated settlement with the Confederacy

answer

Copperheads

question

Pardoned all Southerners (except high-ranking military officers and Confederate officials) who took an oath pledging loyalty to the Union and support for emancipation. As soon as ten percent of a state's voters took this oath, they could call a convention, establish a new state government, and apply for congressional recognition

answer

Ten Percent Plan

question

What occurred to expand democracy in the United States in the 1820s and 1830s?

answer

the rejection of property qualifications for suffrage

question

How did the price of cotton affect the economy in 1837?

answer

When its price plummeted, it hurt an already poor economy

question

Most Southern tenant farmers viewed African Americans as

answer

inferior to themselves

question

Given that wealthy white Southerners enjoyed such entertainment as jousting and settled matters of honor with dueling, what seems to have been one major difference between Southern and Northern cultures?

answer

As industrialization progressed in the North, Southerners were looking to the past.

question

What did the Millerites anticipate first in March 1843 and later on October 22, 1844?

answer

the return of Christ

question

What was complex marriage as practiced in the community at Oneida, New York, established by John Humphrey Noyes?

answer

free sexual relations between the men and women of the community

question

What is the main reason many Americans opposed the annexation of Texas?

answer

They did not want another slave state admitted to the Union.

question

Henry David Thoreau refused to pay his poll tax in support of what cause?

answer

Abolition

question

Members of the American Party were commonly referred to as the

answer

"Know-Nothings."

question

Visitors to the 1853 Crystal Palace Exhibition in New York City could have seen examples of all of the following EXCEPT

answer

The elevator

question

On the third day of the Battle of Gettysburg, the Union successfully confronted the Confederate attack, which

answer

was an all-out frontal assault rather than a flanking maneuver.

question

Many of General Grant's victories in Virginia were characterized by

answer

his taking advantage of the blunders of General Lee.

question

Which statement about the Fourteenth Amendment is NOT true?

answer

It permitted former high-ranking Confederates to hold office.

question

Who were carpetbaggers?

answer

Northerners who moved south after the Civil War

question

Which of the following best describes President Lincoln's plan for Reconstruction?

answer

Pardon would be granted to all Southerners who took an oath to the Union

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