com ch 4 – Flashcard
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What style of speech is used in this statement? " I've felt that way myself. My heart really goes out to you. " Androgynous Caring Affective Effective
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affective
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Language use can reflect a speaker's willingness to take responsibility for his or her statements. Which of the following categories of statements reflects the highest amount of speaker responsibility? "You" statements " They" statements "I" statements " We" statements
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"I" statements
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One study revealed that when a name is ________________, it is judged more favorably than ones that lack these qualities. powerful, easily pronounced, and contains four letters complex and interesting unique and exciting
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unique and exciting
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Which of the following is valued most highly in communication by women in all-female talk? Humor New ways to solve problems Empathy Rapid pace
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empathy
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Bill is talking to Ted when Ted interrupts him. Bill responds to the interruption by saying, "You can care less about anything I have to say! " This is an example of _______________. opinion inference language negation
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inference
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Using the term salesman rather than sales representative is an example of __________. status language racist language stereotypical language sexist language
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sexist language
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When entering a public restroom, which set of language rules makes it possible for us to know whether to enter through the Men's or Women's door? Semantic rules Phonological rules Syntactic rules Pragmatic rules
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semantic rules
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_________ are pleasant terms substituted for more direct but potentially less pleasant terms. Slang words Euphemisms Abstractions Emotive words
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euphemisms
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Research shows that the notion that men and women communicate in dramatically different ways is _________________. understated exaggerated significant biological
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exaggerated
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People who use hedges when speaking are typically rated as more competent, dynamic, and __________. assertive attractive interesting powerful
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attractive
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People who speak using an androgynous sex role are _________________. more dominant more predictable less interesting less competent
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more predictable
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_________ words have more than one correct dictionary definition. Relative Jargon Jargon Equivocal
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equivocal
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When communicators adapt their speech to fit in with others they are adopting the strategy of __________. credibility convergence pragmatism divergence
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convergence
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Melania is from a Latin American country and is visiting her friend Beth in the United States. Melania tells Beth, It looks like you've put on weight. What language rule did Melania likely break? Semantic rules Phonological rules Syntactic rules Pragmatic rules
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pragmatic rules
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Which of the following are types of evasive language? Inferences and euphemisms Inferences and equivocation Euphemisms and equivocation Inferences and abstractions
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inferences and abstractions
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Jude tells Micah about a problem he's been having at work. Considering the differences in the way men and women communicate, how is Micah most likely to respond? By expressing sympathy By offering advice By making a joke By emotionally engaging
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by offering advice
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Fast or slow, small or large, smart or stupid, and short or long are examples of words of what type? Relative Slang Jargon Equivocal
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relatice
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A behavioral description describes behavior that is _______________. a positive negative abstract observable
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observable
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Which of the following statements would researchers classify as being the most powerfully expressed? " I guess I have a question. " " Excuse me, but I have a question. " " I think I have a question. " " I have a question. "
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"I have a question"
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Which statement is the most positive? I'll play with those people. These people are going to the mall. The cake is not bad at all. It's almost as good as Ashley's.
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These people are going to the mall
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Which of the following is an example of powerless speech? Hedges Convergence Negation Divergence
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hedges
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Which of the following is an example of how women and men use language differently? Women ask more questions in mixed-sex conversations. Women interrupt others more frequently in mixed-sex conversations. Women use talk to gain power. Women use more qualifiers.
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women ask more questions in mixed-sex conversations
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Swearwords are governed by ________________. equivocal rules semantic rules phonological rules pragmatic rules
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pragmatic rules
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Which one of the following word types gains its meaning by comparison? Equivocal Relative Emotive Abstract
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relative
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A conclusion based on an interpretation of evidence is called a(n) _______________. a fact opinion inference connotation
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inference
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_________ contains words that sound as if they are describing something when they are really announcing the speaker's attitude toward something. Pragmatic language Syntactic language Semantic language Emotive language
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emotive language
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Communicators who want to set themselves apart from others adopt the strategy of __________. convergence divergence rejection sequential placement
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divergence
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Which other factors influence language use much more than gender? Accommodating tendencies Vocal fluency Social philosophy Use of qualifiers
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social philosophy
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________ govern how words sound when pronounced. Phonological rules Syntactic rules Pragmatic rules Cultural rules
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phonological rules
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_________ govern the structure of language. Phonological rules Syntactic rules Pragmatic rules Cultural rules
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syntactic rules
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The symbolic nature of language means that communication is often _______________. precise denotative subjective objective
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subjective
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Ogden and Richards' triangle of meaning demonstrates visually that meanings are in __________. words minds nonverbal cues conversations
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minds
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" I think we should give it another try. Don't you? " This is an example of a __________. tag question process question disclaimer hedge
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tag question
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Syntactic rules determine _______________. the meaning of a particular symbol the pronunciation of a particular symbol the hierarchy of meaning in symbols the sequence of a set of symbols
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the sequence of a set of symbols
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Linguistic relativism means that __________. the worldview of a culture is shaped and reflected by the language its members speak a person's frame of mind is developed by the language he or she speaks a person's country of origin determines the language its members speak language is determined by the physical structure of vocal apparatus of its speakers
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the worldview of a culture is shaped and reflected by the language its members speak
