Colorectal Cancer for Dummies – Flashcards
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why do you treat colon, rectal, and anal cancer different?
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lymphatic flow
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lining of abdominal cavity, shiny, slick, smooth 1 cell layer thick membrane.
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peritoneum
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what you cut along for surgery of colon
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white line of toldt
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anatomical definition of rectum
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where sigmoid straightens out, no taenia coli
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surgical definition of rectum
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where colon exits peritoneal cavity
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what has valves of houston?
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rectum
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divides "pain" and "no pain" line on anus
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dentate line
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most important thing when treating colon cancer
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sparing continence
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treatment for rectal cancer below peritoneal reflection ONLY
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radiation
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where you can safely treat with radiation therapy
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below peritoneal reflection
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rules for when you get colonscopy
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50, or 10 years before relative diagnosis
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easiest bowel prep
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tablets
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biggest risk for colonscopy
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perforation
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still have to take bowel prep, offer only if on coumadin
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virtual colonscopy
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Dukes level, if confined to mucosa
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A
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dukes level of growth thorugh mucous all the way through but not to lymph node
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B
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dukes level of spread ot lymph node
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C
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dukes level if mets in other organs
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D
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direction it spreads once it hits lymph nodes
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up
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what makes your decision on how big to cut for colonectomy
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blood vessels
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most cancers need a ____ cm margin, except rectal cancer needs more
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2
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the pre-operative use of chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil and mitomycin and medical radiation for squamous cell carcinomas of the anal canal of less than 5 cm, followed by surgical excision if necessary.
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nigro protocal
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2 different cancers occuring at same time of different histology
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synchronous lesion
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same histology, 2 lesions in same place
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metacarcinous
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treatment for anal cancer
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radiation (don't even need surgery)
