College Poetry Terms
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Accentual/ Syllabic
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counts the number of stresses and syllables within a line or stanza
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Alliteration
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A special case of consonance where the repeated consonant sound is at the stressed syllable
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Anapest
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metrical foot in a line of poem that contains 3 syllables ( unstressed/unstressed/stressed) pattern
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Assonance
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Repetition of vowel sounds in words that are close to each other
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Blank Verse
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An iambic pentameter unrhymed
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Cadence
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Rhythm established by phrases \" rhythm of phrasing\"
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Caesura
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A strong pause within a line . Often found alongside enjambment.
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Carpe Diem
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poems that have the theme of living for today
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Catalectic
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metrically incomplete line of verse, lacking a syllable at the end or ending with an incomplete foot.
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Closed Form
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An established pattern in one or more areas
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Common Meter
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a ballad stanza of four iambic lines and strict rhymes, often used in hymns, rhyming abcb or abab.
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Consonance
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pleasing sounding caused by the repetition of consonant sounds
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Couplet
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A pair of successive rhyming line, usually of the same length.
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Dactyl
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metrical foot that consists of 3 syllables (stressed/stressed/unstressed) pattern
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Diction
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style of speaking or writing as dependent upon choice of words
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Dramatic monologue
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A Poem in Which an imagined speaker addresses a silent listener, usually not the reader
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End Rhyme
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Rhymes appearing like these at the end of a line
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End Stopped
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(of a line of verse) ending at the end of a syntactic unit that is usually followed by a pause in speaking and a punctuation mark in writing.
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Enjambed line
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A line that continues to move to the next line without terminal punctuation.
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Eye Rhyme
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A metrical line ending at a grammatical boundary or break- such as a dash or closing parenthesis- or with punctuation such as a colon, a semicolon, or a period. Considered end-stopped, too if it contains a complete phrase.
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Feminine Rhyme
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A rhyme either of two syllables of which the second is unstressed (such as in motion, notion, or of 3 syllables)
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Form
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Physical structure of the poem; length of the lines, their rhymes their system of rhymes and repetition.
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Iambic Pentameter
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A common meter in meter consisting of a unrhymed line with five feet or accents, each foot containing an unaccented syllable and a accented syllable
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Internal Rhyme
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1. Two or more rhyming words that occur within the same line. 2. Two or more rhyming words will appear int he middle of two separate lines or sometime in more.
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Lineation
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The way in which line breaks are inserted
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Masculine Rhyme
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Occurs when the rhyme is on the final syllable of the two rhyming words
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Octave
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A eight-line stanza or poem. *First eight lines of an Italian/Petrachan sonnet
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Open Form
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does not have a established pattern to it. whether it be in line length, meter, rhyme, imagery, syntax, or stanzas
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Perfect Rhyme
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Correspondence of rhyming sounds is exact
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Petrachan Sonnet
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Divided 14 lines into two sections: An eight-line stanza (octave) rhyming scheme of ABBAABBA
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Persona
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A dramatic character, distinguished from the poet, who is the speaker of a poem.
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Prosody
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Study of versification including meter rhyme
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Pyrrhic
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Two unstressed feet
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Quatrain
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4 Lined stanza (ABAC or ABCB) unbound or ballad quatrain
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Refrain
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A phrase or line repeated at intervals witinin a poem, especially at the end of a stanza
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Rhyme Scheme
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The pattern of end rhyme in a stanza with each rhyme encoded by a letter of the alphabet from a onward.
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Rhythm
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The repetition of syllables, typically at the end of a verse line, Rhymed words conventionally share all sounds following the words last stressed syllable.
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Scansion
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The analysis of the metrical patterns of a poem by organizing its lines into feet of stressed & unstressed syllables and showing the major pauses, if any
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Sestet
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A six-line stanza, or the final six lines of 14-line Italian or Petrarchan Sonnet
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Sestina
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A complex french verse form, usually unrhymed, consisting of six stanzas of six lines each & a three-line envoy.
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Shakespearian Sonnet
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14- lines into one stanza of three quatrains and a concluding couplet with a rhyme scheme of ABABCDEDEFEFGG
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Slant Rhyme
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Sound not a perfect rhyme (i.e. Jam & ran)
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Spondee
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a metrical foot, or beat in a line of poetry, that consists of two stressed syllables.
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Meter
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Measures the line ( beat) of the poem
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Stanza
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A grouping of lines separated from others in a poem.
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Syllabic
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Poetry whose meter is determined by the total number per line, rather than the number of stresses
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Tercet
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A poetic unit of three lines, rhymed or rhymed.
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Tone
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The poet's attitude toward the poem's speaker, reader, and subject matter, as interpreted by the reader.
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Trochee
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A metrical foot consisting of an accented syllable.
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Trope
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any literary or rhetorical device, as metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, and irony, that consists in the use of words in other than their literal sense.
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Turn (sonnet)
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Change in direction of argument or narrative ( final lines in sonnets)
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Villanelle
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A French verse form consisting of 5-3-line stanzas and a final quatrain. The FIRST & THIRD lines of the stanza repeating alternately in the following stanza. * these two refrain lines form the final couplet
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Simile
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a figure of speech in which two unlike things are explicitly compared, as in \"she is like a rose.\".
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Metaphor
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a figure of speech in which a term or phrase is applied to something to which it is not literally applicable in order to suggest a resemblance, as in \"A mighty fortress is our God.\".
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Metonomy
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a figure of speech that consists of the use of the name of one object or concept for that of another to which it is related, or of which it is a part, as \"scepter\" for \"sovereignty,\" or \"the bottle\" for \"strong drink,\" or \"count heads (or noses)\" for \"count people.\".
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Personification
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The attribution of human nature or character to animals, inanimate objects, or abstract notions, especially as a rhetorical figure.
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Synechdoche
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a figure of speech in which a part is used for the whole or the whole for a part, the special for the general or the general for the special, as in ten sail for ten ships or a Croesus for a rich man.
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Figure of Speech
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any expressive use of language, as a metaphor, simile, personification, or antithesis, in which words are used in other than their literal sense, or in other than their ordinary locutions, in order to suggest a picture or image or for other special effect.
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Hyperbole
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obvious and intentional exaggeration
