College Physics 1 Final
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Vector
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A quantity with both magnitude and direction
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Scalar
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A physical quantity that has magnitude only.
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Mechanics
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Branch of physics regarding interactions between objects and their impact on object's motion
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Force
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A push of pull that has the capacity to change the (translational) motion of the object acted upon.
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System
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collection of objects under consideration
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Internal Forces
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forces between objects in system
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External Forces
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forces between system & objects outside the system
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Kinematics
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the study of describing motion
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position
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r (vector); vector that indicates the location of an object with respect to a specified origin
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displacement
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Distance and direction of an object's change in position from the starting point. (Origin Independent)
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distance
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length of path traveled (scalar)
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speed
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Distance traveled per unit time.
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velocity
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Time rate change of position
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acceleration
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Time rate change of velocity
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inertia
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resistance to change in motion
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mass
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a. A measure of inertia. b. Source of gravity c. Strength of interaction with \"Higgs Field\"
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Newton's First Law
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An object will maintain it's motion unless acted upon by an unbalanced outside force.
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Newton's Second Law
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Sum of the forces = mass x acceleration
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Newton's Third Law
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An object cannot exert a force on something without the second object exerting an equal in magnitude and opposite in direction force on the first object.
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Free Fall
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a = g = -9.8m/s^2
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Projectile Motion
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Type of free fall. Only force is gravity. Has an initial horizontal velocity.
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Apparent Weight
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the force experienced by an object, resulting from all the forces acting on it, giving the object an acceleration. This is the Force Normal.
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Orbit
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Type of free fall where apparent weight is 0 \"weightlessness\"
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Angle
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Theta (vector)
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Angular Displacement
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Change in Theta (vector)
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Angular Velocity
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Omega (Vector)
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Angular Acceleration
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The rate of change of angular velocity. Alpha
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Arclength
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S
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Tangential Velocity
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The speed of an object at a point as it moves around the circumference of a circle. Vtan (vector)
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Tangential Acceleration
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ATan (vector) Can only change magnitude of velocity Always parallel to velocity
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Centripetal Acceleration
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Acceleration of an object toward the center of a curved or circular path. Can only change direction of velocity Always perpendicular to velocity
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Rotation
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Axis of rotation within the object
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Revolution
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Axis of rotation outside of object
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Period
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Line per Cycle T
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Frequency
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Cycles per Time 1/t=f
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Work
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Force x Distance W (sum of F)(Xcos(theta))
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Kinetic Energy
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Energy in Motion
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Translational Energy
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All parts move at same velocity Particles have only this
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Rotational Energy
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Ex: Spinning/Orbiting
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Vibrational Energy
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Ex: Oscillation
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E=MC^2
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Equation for the potential energy in mass
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Mass Defect
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Change in mass
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Momentum
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Mass x Velocity P (vector)
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Impulse
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Change in momentum (vector)
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Perfectly Inelastic Collision
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A collision in which two objects stick together after colliding
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Perfectly Elastic Collision
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A collision in which two objects perfectly deflect after colliding
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Center of Mass
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Average location of the mass of an object where the point mass is considered to be.
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Centroid
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Geometric center of an object (Same as Center of mass if object has uniform density)
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Center of Gravity
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Average location of where gravity acts on an object. (If gravitational field is uniform, it will be the center of mass.)
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Rotational Inertia
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I
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Torque
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Tau A twist of turn that one object exerts on another that has the ability to change the rotational motion of the object. Unit is the N x M
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Lever Arm
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Distance from axis of rotation to the spot where force is applied
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Solid
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Rigid, roughly maintains volume & shape
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Liquid
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Roughly maintains volume
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Gas
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Maintains neither volume nor shape
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Vapor
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Droplets of liquid acting like a gas
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Fluid
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Does not maintain shape (Flows)
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Critical Point
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Cannot discern the differences between states
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Ideal Fluid
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Flows without turbulence of viscosity and cannot change volume
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Ideal Liquid
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Fluid with a constant volume (incompressible fluid)
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Pascal's Principle
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Within a static incompressible fluid, any change in pressure is the same throughout the fluid. Ex: Hydraulic Lift
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Density
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Volumetric Mass ρ=m/v Units: Kg/M^3
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Pressure
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Force per unit area. P
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Barometer
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Measures Pressure
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Absolute Pressure
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Pressure measured against a vacuum
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Gauge Pressure
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Pressure measured against the atmosphere ex: Blood pressure cuff
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Laminar Flow
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All particles follow the same path Also known as Streamline
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Turbulent Flow
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Particles move randomly
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Viscosity
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Resistance to flow
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Waves
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Are a form of energy transport
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Oscillation
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Back and forth in motion
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Wave Pulse
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Single Disturbance
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Periodic Wave
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Repeated Disturbance
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Transverse Waves
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Disturbance is perpendicular to wave propagation Travel on surface of fluid, but not through fluid Ex: Light/Electromagnetic Wave
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Longitudinal Waves
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Disturbance is parallel to wave propagation Can travel through fluids Ex: Sound Waves
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Intensity
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Power/Area. I
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Linear Mass Density
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mass/length Mu
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Wavelength
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Lambda Horizontal distance between the crests or between the troughs of two adjacent waves
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Amplitude
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The maximum displacement of a periodic wave A
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Refraction
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Bending of light when waves go from one medium to another.
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Diffraction
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Bending of waves around obstacles
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Node
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Part of wave that does not move
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Antinode
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Part of wave with most movement
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Resonant Frequency
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Frequency that makes a standing wave
