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SuperPowers

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Name for the U.S. and Soviet Union after World War II because we were the two strongest countries in the world.

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Iron Curtain

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Winston Churchill's term for the Cold War division between the Soviet-dominated Eastern Europe and the U.S.-dominated Western Europe.

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United Nations

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Created at the end of World War II and replaced the failed League of Nations

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Marshall Plan

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offered economic aid to war-torn European countries after World War II to help them rebuild

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NATO

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defensive military alliance that included the United States, Canada and 10 western European countries to fend off Soviet aggression

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Warsaw Pact

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Soviet response to NATO which consisted of the Soviet Union and its eastern European satellite nations

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Eastern Europe

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dominated by the Soviet Union after World War II

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West Germany

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occupied by Britain, France and the United States after World War II and developed into a prosperous democratic nation

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Britain, France, United States, and the Soviet Union

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Germany was divided into 4 zones after World War II occupied by these countries

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Douglas MacArthur

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led the American occupation of Japan after World War II

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Truman Doctrine

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military aid offered by the United States to European countries to fight off communist aggression

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Japan

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military offensive capabilities dismantled after World War II and became an economic power in Asia

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Democracy and Capitalism

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Government and economy of the United States

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Totalitarian and Communism

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Government and economy of the Soviet Union

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Yalta Conference

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meeting in the Soviet Union just prior to the end of WW II to discuss the future of Poland, Germany, ending the war with Japan, and the creation of the United Nations

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Cold War

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Term describing the rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union after WW II

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free enterprise

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economic system in which individuals and businesses are allowed to compete for profit with a minimum of government interference (United States)

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Policy of Containment

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U.S. policy to keep communism from spreading. Big part of Cold War, combined military, economic, and diplomatic strategies

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China

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This nation fell to communism in 1949 under the leadership of Mao Zedong

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Chiang Kai-shek

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leader of the Chinese Nationalists that the U.S. supported

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Mao Zedong

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leader of communist forces during the Chinese Civil War

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1950-1953

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Years of the Korean War

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Chinese forces

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came to the aid of North Korea during the Korean Conflict

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Douglas MacArthur

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Led the American led United Nations troops to help South Korea

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Korean War

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the cold war conflict in which UN soliders fought to defend South Korea from takeover by Communist North Korea, ending a stalemate in 1953

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Berlin Wall

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a wall separating East and West Berlin built by East Germany in 1961 to keep citizens from escaping to the West

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President Truman

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Policy of Containment developed under this President

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Bay of Pigs

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Failed invasion to overthrow Castro in 1961

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Cuban Missile Crisis

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Brink-of-war confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union over the placement of nuclear-armed missiles in Cuba

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North Vietnam

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Communists controlled part of Vietnam

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Ho Chi Minh

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leader of North Vietnam

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1965-1973

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years of American combat in Vietnam

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1975

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Year that all of Vietnam falls under communist control

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Vietnamization

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President Richard Nixon,s strategy for ending U.S involvement in the Vietnam War, involving a gradual withdrawl of American troops and replacement of them with South Vietnamese forces

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Fall of the Berlin Wall

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symbolized the end of the Cold War

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President Johnson

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escalated America's involvement in Vietnam by beginning our combat role in 1965

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President Kennedy

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sent military advisors to South Vietnam to train South Vietnamese soldeirs military build-up begins

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College Campuses

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where many Vietnam protests took place

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1975

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year when all of Vietnam falls to communist rule

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Policy of Containment

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-involved the Truman Doctrine & Marshall Plan -military action in Korea and Vietnam

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Joseph McCarthy

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-U.S. senator that claimed to have a list of communists in the U.S. government and military -none of the accusations were proven

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Ethel and Julius Rosenberg

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were tried, convicted, and executed for espionage

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Alger Hiss

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-accused of spying for the Soviet Union and passing classified documents to the Soviets -convicted of perjury

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bomb shelters

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Americans were encouraged to build these during the 1950s & 1960s

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duck and cover drills

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schools practiced these during the Cold War era

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Presidential election

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Cold War and the threat of nuclear war where issues during each of these elections

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Cuban Missile Crisis

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-Soviets remove missiles from Cuba -U.S. agrees not to invade Cuba -U.S. secretly agrees to remove missiles from Turkey -closest U.S. ever came to a nuclear war

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Ronald Reagan

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-President during the 1980s that placed military and economic pressure on the Soviet Union

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Mikhail Gorbachev

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Soviet leader in the 1980s that introduced glasnost and perestroika to save the failing Soviet economy

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Glasnost

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allowed Soviet citizens to speak out in society

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Perestroika

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called for the restructuring of the Soviet economy and government

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John F. Kennedy

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-President during Bay of Pigs and Cuban Missile Crisis -said, "ask not what your country can do for you but, what you can do for your country" -said, "...we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and success of liberty"

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Ronald Reagan

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-placed economic and military pressure on the Soviet Union -said, "...Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall"

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Massive Retaliation

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this policy developed under President Eisenhower to deter any nuclear strike against the United States

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Dallas, Texas

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where President Kennedy was assassinated on November 22, 1963

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Rising Nationalism

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-Soviet Republics gained independence -a cause for the collapse of the Soviet Union

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Freedom and Democracy

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American ideals that prevailed at the end of the Cold War

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Cold War

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This period of time following World War II is where the United States and the Soviet Union emerged as superpowers and faced off in an arms race that lasted nearly 50 years.

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Post-Cold War Goals & Policies

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-Foreign Aid -Humanitarian Aid -Support for Humand Right

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President George H.W. Bush

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-Persian Gulf War -Reunification of Germany -Collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe -Collapse of Yugoslavia

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President George W. Bush

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-2001 - 2009 -9/11/2001 attacks -War in Iraq and Afghanistan

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President William J. Clinton

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-NAFTA -Diplomatic relations with Vietnam -NATO action in former Yugoslavia -Lifting of sanctions against South Africa

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Persian Gulf War

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-a 1991 war in which the United States and its UN allies drove invading Iraqi forces out of neighboring Kuwait -included Operation Desert Storm

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U.S. response to Terrorism

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-Patriot Act -Homeland Security -Diplomatic and military initiatives

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Virginia

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this state benifited greatly due to military spending during the Cold War

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Richard Nixon

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-exploited the relationship between the Soviet Union and China -forced to resign due to Watergate scandal

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Watergate

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Break-in at the Democratic National Headquarters that eventually forced Richard Nixon to resign

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Operation Desert Storm

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Operation Desert Storm was the code name given to the first U.S.-led war against Iraq in the Persian Gulf on January 17, 1991.

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NAFTA

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(North American Free Trade Agreement) a trade agreeement signed by Canada, the United States and Mexico

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War in Iraq

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Also known as war on terror , Began in 2003 Saddam Hussein was said to have Weapons of Mass Destruction; none were found.

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9/11/2001

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-Terrorist attacks carried out by Al Qaida and Osama Bin Laden -Planes crashed into the World Trade Center and the Pentagon -One plane crashed in Pennsylvania

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War in Afghanistan

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Afghanistan refused to turn over bin Laden after 9/11 attacks, the U.S. took military action and attacked the Taliban government and drove them from power

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Osama bin Laden

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Founder of Al Qaeda, the terrorist network responsible for the attacks of September 11, 2001

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Al Qaida

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an international terrorist group led by Osama Bin Laden

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Richard Nixon

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-forced to resign because of Watergate -exploited relationship between Soviet Union and China by visiting China -instituted the policy of Vietnamization

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Fidel Castro

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Became the communist dictator of Cuba in 1959 and aligned Cuba with the Soviet Union

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