question

Phases of socialization

answer

anticipatory, encounter, metamorphasis

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Anticipatory phase

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before entering the organization 3 Areas of focus: Learning at work, Learning at careers/ occupation (vocational), Learning at specific organizations (Org)

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encounter phase

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new employee enters the organizations and lets go of old roles and values in adapting to expectations of new organization

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metamorphosis phase

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reached at completion. now accepted as organization insider

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2 components of asssimilation

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socialization, individualization

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Socialization

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The organization influences the adaptation of individuals. Occurs when an individual learns about the requirements of the job or decides that dressing formally will help him fit in better.

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Individualization

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The individual influences the organization by trying to change some aspect of the organization to better suit her needs. Develops new strategy

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rational model of decision making

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all info should be gathered to make best choice possible. ideal way of decision making. theoretical and linear in approach and implementation

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rational model sequence

answer

formulation, concept development, detailing, evaluate solution alternatives, implement the chosen alternative

question

limitations on rational model

answer

human beings do not always find the best information before making a decision

question

limited rational model of decision making

answer

humans don't/can't absorb and use all the information available to them. time pressures force individuals to make decisions with incomplete info. satisficing

question

limited rational model sequence

answer

no defined sequence

question

limited rational model limitations

answer

satisficing, decision taking

question

political model of decision making

answer

based on self-interests, conflict, negotiation and compromise

question

political model sequence

answer

get preferred solutions, build case against alternatives, get group to converge on preferred solution, implement solution

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political model limitations

answer

may become harmful to the organization

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garbage can model of decision making

answer

conen and march. non-linear

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garbage can model limitations

answer

solutions when problem doesn't exist, choices may not solve problem, problems may linger

question

"The Mud, the Blood and Beer Group"

answer

organizational osmosis

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organizational osmosis

answer

the relatively effortless absorption of organization values, beliefs and understandings on basis of pre-existing socialization experiences. may speed up/strengthen the formation of identification with the organization.

question

emotions in the workplace

answer

emotional labor, emotional work, burnout

question

emotional labor

answer

surface acting and deep acting. managing emotion and emotional expression to be consistent with organization on occupational display rules. Dissonance (lack of agreement) often cited as key component of emotional labor When you are mad at work but do not show you are mad Hochschild 1983

question

key component of emotional labor

answer

dissonance. lack of agreement

question

emotional work

answer

miller, 2007. genuine emotion on the job. genuine and managed overlaps with emotional behavior. being able to show genuine emotions when you feel it

question

burnout

answer

freudenberger. Wearing out from the pressures of work

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3 dimensions of burnout

answer

emotional exhaustion, lack of personal accomplishment, depersonalization

question

Great Man Theories of Leadership

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gendered in nature. leaders were thought to be born into positions of privilege.

question

Trait Theory Approach

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Ralph Sogdill. certain attributes are leaders and they're born with them. innate. ambition, competitiveness, confidence,naturally persuasive

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Situational Theories

answer

can be developed. traits and behaviors vary by situation.

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Humanistic Theories

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Enabling people, work with individuals that play to your strengths.

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behavioral theories

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how a leader's behavior affects followers. reciprocity. Coach K at Duke

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Exchange Theories

answer

communication and interaction. nature of interaction between leaders and followers. each relationship between the leader and follower is different.

question

transformational leadership

answer

change. James McGregor Burns. Get people to do things they never thought they would do. inspirational and motivational.

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visionary leadership

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future. present a vision and do so in palatable ways. all about communication. helps people look to the future.

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servant leadership

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Greenleaf. focused on other people. care for others. Follow ethical principles. Draws from religion, philosophy and contemporary values.

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emergent leadership

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democratic. Manz and Sims. Grounded in principle that anyone can be leaders.

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superleadership

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leadership is about much more than a position. can happen at any level of the hierarchy in an organization.

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connective leadership

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connection. Lipman-Blumen. about building relationships.

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characteristics of connective leadership

answer

people-focused, enable others, task masters

question

leaders

answer

are incredibly gifted at managing meaning, make sense of things for people around them, understand their followers.

question

groupthink

answer

the desire for agreement overrides the ability to realistically appraise alternative courses of action

question

causes of groupthink

answer

over-estimation, closed-mindeness, pressure toward uniformity

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how to avoid groupthink

answer

open climate for discussion, avoid insulating group, being too directive, assign critical evaluators

question

telework

answer

work is accomplished by people at the same time in a different place

question

paradox 1 of telework

answer

increased flexibility and increased structure. Requires manager to keep better track of schedules and meetings because "chance encounters and informal discussion do not occur"

question

paradox 2 of telework

answer

greater individuality and more teamwork

question

paradox 3 of telework

answer

more responsibility and less control. Managers often fear losing control of workers who are out of sight. Teleworks fear that if they are out of sight they will be less likely to be considered for promotions

question

organizational crisis - methodist hospital

answer

Rhetoric of Atonement: repentance, prayer and charity Authenticity: how quickly and openly does the organization respond No clear cut way to respond: Plan for crisis, try to be open and quick with response

question

work/life conflict - time-based

answer

too many things to do

question

strain-based

answer

stress from work permeates life issues and possibly vies versa

question

behavior-based

answer

expected behaviors of one role don't match up with the other role

question

media richness model

answer

Adoption of technology explained by match between richness and ambiguity

question

social information processing model

answer

Fulk. adoption of technology. better explained by social environment. communication between coworkers, supervisors, customers, etc. affects media usage

question

5 factors influence the emergence of W/L

answer

industrial age, world wars, dual-career couples, technology, diversity

question

why are organizations interested in w/l balance

answer

turnover, absenteeism, productivity, employer of choice, morale, legal requirements

question

stressors that lead to burnout

answer

too much work, too difficult work, tole conflict, role ambiguity, stress outside workplace

question

outcomes of burnout

answer

turnover, physiological, lower-level of commitment

question

Causes of burnout

answer

Communication Emotional labor... emotional dissonance Emotional work

question

coping with burnout

answer

communicative coping - participation in decision making, communication coping - social support

question

Social Support

answer

any process through which social relationships might promote health and well being

question

function of social support

answer

emotional support, informational support, instrumental support

question

Common sources of social support

answer

supervisors, coworkers, friends and family

question

For many people, work-life conflict exists in the way that they enact multiple roles. For example, a kindergarten teacher at work is expected to control the environment, to decide exactly what should be happening and when it should be happening for all of the students, to make decisions for the students, and to engage the children in an upbeat, encouraging, sometimes strict, and nurturing manner. Now, let's imagine that our kindergarten teacher leaves work, returns home, and begins to engage her college-aged children, husband, and friends in exactly the same way as she does in her work role. What type of work-life conflict is being described in this example?

answer

behavior based conflict

question

This tool for framing in leadership puts a subject in a positive or negative light.

answer

spin

question

A leader should avoid using metaphors to frame communication when a word or phrase is in danger of overuse.

answer

False

question

A leader who models the behavior he or she wants followers to do is fulfilling which concept of transformational leadership?

answer

exemplification

question

Imagine that it is finals week and your roommate has not slept well for a number of days. You notice your roommate getting increasingly agitated, quick tempered, and emotional as the stress of finals week begins to take over. Then, you hear your roommate speak angrily to a friend on the phone, though you know this is not how your roommate and that particular friend usually speak to each other. This scenario describes what type of work-life conflict?

answer

Strain-based conflict

question

Discursive leadership is a way of looking at how leadership occurs through interactions among organizational actors.

answer

True

question

When we consider the role of communication in work-life issues, it is important to acknowledge that the communication we engage in and receive impacts our perceptions of accessibility and appropriateness of organizational work-life policies.

answer

True

question

When reading about the Thompsons, most of their discussions about work-life issues dealt with their creative approaches to restructuring their work schedules and to envisioning "non-traditional" schedules that contributed to more time at home while still committing adequate time at work. Having a general understanding of the Thompsons' story, which of the following types ofwork-life conflict most closely describes their situation:

answer

Time-Based Conflict

question

Recent research has indicated that changes have occurred in regard to individuals' perceptions of work-life issues. The underlying changes cited in the research include: 1) Men and women being less likely to embrace traditional gender roles, 2) Among millennials,women being just as likely as men to want jobs with greater responsibility, and 3) Employed fathers increasingly wanting to spend more time with children. These changes have been cited as having led to:

answer

An increase in Work-Life conflict for men

question

The "match" of the leadership style to the characteristics of the situation is addressed in which of the following theories?

answer

Contingency Theory of Leadership

question

The social information processing model and the dual-capacity model both build on the ideas found in the media richness model.

answer

True

question

In order to save money on real estate costs, Julie's company asked her to begin teleworking. What is Julie most likely to feel concerned about?

answer

a. Her loss of productivity b. Her inability to service her clients c. Her isolation from the rest of the company

question

Proponents of the social information processing model argue that communication with coworkers and supervisors has an influence on media usage.

answer

True

question

Proponents of the social information processing model argue that task ambiguity and media richness have no influence on media usage.

answer

False

question

An individual who thinks technology's role in the workplace is always good is sometimes called a(n):

answer

Utopian

question

As demonstrated in the traffic mess that occurred during Hurricane Rita and the many organizational failures that occurred in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, there is little organizations can really do to anticipate and prepare for the consequences of a natural disaster.

answer

False

question

Reactions to organizational change by lower level employees that interfere with change implementation processes are called:

answer

Resistance

question

Organizations often experience periods of change. Coombs has described one type of organizational change as "an event that is an unpredictable, major threat that can have a negative effect on theorganization, industry, or stakeholders if handled improperly." This type of organizational change is referred to as:

answer

Organizational crisis

question

When using a distributive approach to bargaining and negotiation,organizational members aim to:

answer

maximize their own gains and minimize their own losses

question

What are the three key components of Putnam and Poole's definition of conflict?

answer

Incompatible goals, interdependence, interaction

question

Brooks is a manager in a high-technology software company and often finds herself called into conflict situations between her employees to help resolve the conflict. When placed in these situations, Brooks generally responds by working to change the organization in order to keep similar problems from occurring in the future. This third-party conflict managerial role is referred to as:

answer

Restructurer

question

Max and Kalia have been coworkers for a long time and have always gotten along well. Lately, though, Kalia has felt Max has taken advantage of her by asking her to make excuses for his tardiness due to his personal problems. Kalia hasn't said anything to Max yet, but she has been thinking of ways to address the problem. According to the phases of organizational conflict, Kalia and Max are in the

answer

Felt conflict stage

question

Communication is enacted at which phase in the conflict process?

answer

Manifest conflict

question

If Mike says he has been reasonable throughou this conflict with Callie over a budgeting issue, he is framing the conflict from which perspective, according to Putnam and Peterson?

answer

Identity frame

question

Typical problems identified with the change process

answer

Lack of meaningful participation Unrealistic expectations Purpose of the program was not clear

question

Planned change always involves top management dictating change processes to lower level employees.

answer

False

question

Kline et al. argue that in crisis situations, it is important for organizations to focus on a message that portrays the company as a public ally.

answer

True

question

Molly has a conversation with her supervisor, Claire. She asks Claire about a rumor that the nursing home is about to be sold to a newcompany. Claire knows the rumor is true, but tells Molly that as upper management has said, there are no plans for the home to be sold at this time. Which strategy for communicating about change is Claire using?

answer

Withhold and uphold

question

Withhold and uphold is the most effective strategy to communicate change.

answer

False

question

A traditional model of conflict and negotiation includes which of the following characteristics?

answer

Mutual gain

question

Elise works as a conflict arbitrator for the federal government. Her role differs from a management/union mediator because

answer

Elise can make a binging decision about the conflict

question

In viewing conflict from a cultural perspective, a negotiator would want to consider the tension that may exist between the underlying values of the parties involved in the controversy.

answer

True

question

The managerial strategy for communicating about change where the management focuses on fundamental issues related to change success and allows employees the creative freedom to explore various possibilities is:

answer

Underscore and explore

question

Let's imagine that Mississippi State University is competing with other state universities, Ole Miss, Jackson State, and Southern Miss, for a bigger share of limited state funds. What level of conflict is this?

answer

Inter-organizational

question

Apologizing for mistakes the organization has made is likely to occur during which stage of a crisis?

answer

Post-crisis stage

question

Bargaining and Negotiating

answer

Bargaining-formal activity -understanding of rules of negotiation -individuals serve as representatives -used to settle intergroup or interorganizational conflict -distributive bargaining - just you -integrative bargaing- org as a whole

question

Strategies for communicating change

answer

Spray and pray: throwout info and hope they figure it out Tell and sell: mgmt: tell them what you want and persuade them Underscore and explore: Identify and reply: See a change is happening and respond Withhold and uphold: Not forthcoming

question

Outcomes to burnout

answer

Physiological, attutidal:lower level of satisfaction, lower level of commitment, organizational turnovers

question

Coping strategies for burnout

answer

Dysfunctional reaction: drinnkning, drug use Coping strategies: problem-centered coping, appraisal centered, emotional centered Participation in decision making: can improve satisfaction and productivity, can decrease burnout, reduces role conflict Social support: emotional, informational, instrumental

question

Classical

answer

Conflict is viewed as a breakdown of communication. Conflict is managed (often by third parties) to the extent that existence of conflict detracts from organizational efficiency

question

Human Relations

answer

Conflict is viewed negatively, as evidence by faulty relationships among organizational members. Conflicting parties are encouraged to avoid conflicts or compromise in order to return to harmonious work relations

question

Human Resources

answer

Conflict is viewed as a possible means for growth and developed in the organization. Conflicting parties are encouraged to collaborate on solutions that will satisfy both parties and contribute to better future organizational functioning

question

Systems

answer

Conflict is conceptualized as cycles of activities that can escalate and de-escalate. Possibility for conflict varies with interdependencies created through communication network structure.

question

Cultural

answer

Conflict stems from and can be revealed through differential metaphors and value systems of individuals and groups. Organizational cultures vary in terms of their level of conflict

question

Critical

answer

Superficial organizational conflicts reflect deeper imbalances of power based on class structure, economic, or gender and are revealed and sustained through organizational discourse

question

Communication is enacted at which phase in the conflict process?

answer

Manifest conflict

question

In this conflict style, there is very little concern for the other person's goals.

answer

Avoidance

question

Which of the following third-party negotiators has the power to make decisions about the outcome of the conflict?

answer

Arbitrator

question

In what type of bargaining do the parties try to maximize their gains and minimize their losses?

answer

Distributive

question

An organizational conflict that is long standing and eludes resolution is a intractable conflict.

answer

True

question

The conflict style that shows a high concern for the goals of the other party is the compromise style

answer

False

question

The communication in integrative bargaining is characterized by open and accurate information.

answer

True

question

Both parties need to know that a conflict exists for it be a real conflict.

answer

True

question

There are several levels of organizational conflict.

answer

True

question

Which approach views organizational change as a reflection of organizational values and assumptions?

answer

Cultural

question

The "match of the leadership style to the characteristics of the situation is addressed in which of the following theories?

answer

Contingency Theories of Leadership

question

A management strategy for communicating change that involves selecting a limited set of messages regarding core organizational issues is

answer

Tell and sell

question

Organizations advocating a trait approach to leadership often use personality tests to select people for leadership roles.

answer

True

question

Determination is a personality trait associated with effective leadership.

answer

True

question

Because emotional contagion can lead to burnout, researchers suggest that caregivers learn and practice

answer

Empathic concern

question

Social support from coworkers is likely to be in the forms of

answer

Informational and emotional

question

Which of the following communication processes can have an important influence on decreasing role ambiguity?

answer

Socialization

question

_____________ are aspects of the environment that create strain on an individual.

answer

Stressors

question

Burnout tends to have a negative impact on work satisfaction and employee commitment.

answer

True

question

Support from supervisors is most likely to come in the form of informational and instrumental support.

answer

True

question

communication at work is only stressful if the emotions communicated are "fake" or non-genuine.

answer

False

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