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the psychosexual stage that extends from about 6 months to 3 years of age, during which the child focuses on urination and defecation as a means of satisfaction

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anal stage

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A psychoanalytic technique that attempts to shed light on unconscious material. Because dreams are regarded as heavily laden with unconscious wishes in symbolic form, the analysis of dreams is believed to provide important clues to these wishes

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analysis of dreams

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psychotherapy of relatively brief duration that has grown in popularity due in large part to the cost-containment measures imposed by health care systems. Many brief therapies have retained a psychodynamic identity.

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brief psychotherapy

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the release of psychic energy (achieved by relieving traumatic events) believed by psychoanalysts to have important theraputic benefits

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catharsis

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The innate drives that are responsible for all of the negative or destructive aspects of behavior

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death instincts (thanatos)

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Strategies used by the ego to stave off threats originating internally, from one's id or superego

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defense mechanisms

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the organized, rational component of the personality. The _____ uses perception, learning, planning, and so forth to satisfy the needs of the organism while at the same time perserving its place in the world

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ego

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an alternative to traditional psychoanalysis that is characterized by relative deemphases on the role of the unconscious and the exploration of childhood experience and relative emphases on the adaptive functions of the ego. (perception, learning, memory) and the exploration of contemporary problems in living

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ego analysis

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the defense mechanism that occurs when the frustration and anxiety of psychosexual stage cause the individual to be arrested at his or her current level of psychosexual development

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fixation

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a cardinal rule of psychanalysis in which patients are required to say anything and everything that comes to mind. Over time, this type of therapy is is believed to shed light on unconscious thoughts and urges

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free association

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The psychosexual stage that follows the onset of adolescence and ideally culminates in a mature expression of sexuality

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genital stage

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The deep, inaccessible portion of the personality that contains the instinctual urges. The_____ is without order, logic, or morals and operates solely to gratify the instinctual urges

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id

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In psychotherapy, a complete understanding of the unconscious determinants of one's irrational and problematic thoughts, feelings, or behaviors.

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insight

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A brief, insight-oriented therapy that is psychodynamic in tone. _______ has been applied primarily to the treatment of depression and is considered a "well-established" empirically supported treatment (EVT) for this disorder.

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interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT)

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a method in which the psychoanalyst reveals the unconscious meanings of the patient's thoughts and behaviors, thus helping the patient to achieve insight. ______ is the cornerstone of nearly every form of dynamic psychotherapy

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interpretation

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The psychosexual stage that extends from about 5 to 12 years of age, during which the child is characterized by a lack of overt sexual activity (and perhaps even a negative orrientation toward anything sexual)

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latency stage

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The symbolic meaning of a dreams events

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latent content

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the innate drives that are responsible for all of the positive or constructive aspects of behavior

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life instincts (eros)

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what actually happens during a dream

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manifest content

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anxiety that arises from the concern that a person will act in a way that conflicts with the standards of his or her conscience

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moral anxiety

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anxiety that stems from the fear that a person's id impulses will be expressed, unchecked, thus resulting in trouble

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neurotic anxiety

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the phase in which a child feels sexual attraction for that parent of the opposite sex and feelings of hostility toward the parent of the same sex. The superego emerges from the resolution of this complex

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oedipus complex

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the psychosexual stage spanning about the first year of life, during which the mouth is the chief source of pleasure and satisfaction

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oral stage

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the psychosexual stage that extends from about 3 to 7 years of age, during which the sexual organ become the primary source of gratification

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phallic stage

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the rule of conduct by which one seeks pleasure and avoids pain. The id operates according to the _________

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pleasure principle

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the irrational and implusive type of thinking that characterizes the id

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Primary process

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the defense mechanism that occurs when a person attributes his or her unconscious feelings to someone else

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projection

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a major assumption of freudian theory that holds that everything one does has meaning and is goal directed

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psychic determinism

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a series of developmental stages posited by freud, each of which is marked by the involvement of a particular erogenous zone of the body

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psycho sexual stages

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the defense mechanism that occurs when an unconscious impluse is consciously expressed by it's behavioral opposite

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reaction formation

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anxiety that arrises from the prescence of a real danger in the outside world

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reality anxiety

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the rule of conduct by which one defers the gratification of instinctual urges discovered. the ego operates according to the _________

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reality principle

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the defense mechanism that occurs when extensive frustration causes a person to return to a stage that once provided a great deal of gratification

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regression

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the most basic defense mechanism. ______ serves to keep highly threatening sexual or aggressive material out of conscious awareness, often involuntarily

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repression

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Any attempt by the patient to ward off the therapist's efforts to dissolve his or her neurotic methods for resolving problems. any client action or behavior that prevents insight or prevents bringing unconscious material into consciousness.

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resistance

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the rational and self preservative type of thinking that characterizes the ego

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secondary process

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the component of the personality that represents the ideals and values of society as they are conveyed to the child through the words and deeds of his or her parents. The role of the _______ is to block unacceptable id impluses and to pressure the ego to serve the ends of morality rather than those of expediency

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superego

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discovered by Breuer, the use of techniques that encourage patient talking as a way of addressing and alleviating neurotic symptoms.

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talking cure

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the bond between patient and therapist. a strong _______ is believed to contribute significantly to a positive theraputic outcome.

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theraputic alliance

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a key phenomenon in psychoanalytic therapy in which the patient reacts to the therapist as if the therapist represented an important figure from the patients past

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Transference

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the portion of the mind that is not accessible to awareness

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Unconscious

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motivation that resides outside conscious awareness. Freud posited the existence of _______ and asserted that it was responsible, in large part, for disturbed behavior

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unconscious motivation

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a careful and repeated examination of how ones conflicts and defenses have operated in many areas of ones life. It is through this process that an insight achieves true, full meaning for the patient

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working through process

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a psychotherapy developed by Carl Rodgers that emphasizes the importance of the client's perceptions of his or her tendency toward developing one's own capacities. This therapy orientation seeks to facilitate the client's growth potential

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client-centered therapy

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one of the three therapist characteristics considered essential for client-centered work (also referred to as genuineness). ______ refers to the honest expression by the therapist of the behaviors, feelings, and attitudes that have been stimulated by the client

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congruence

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A technique described by Frankl in which the client is instructed to ignore a trouble-some behavior or symptom in order to divert his or her attention to more constructive thoughts or activities.

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de-reflection

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A psychotherapy that integrates the client-centered and Gestalt psychotherapy traditions. At the heart of _____ is the theoretical proposition that emotions are fundamentally adaptive and that emotions give our life experience its value, meaning, and direction.

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Emotion-Focused Therapy

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One of the three therapist characteristics considered essential for client-centered work. _____ refers to sensitivity to the needs, feelings, and circumstances of clients so that they feel understood.

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empathy

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An orientation to psychology that views people as engaged in a search for meaning

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existential psychology

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______ developed by the ________s to emphasize the "rules" of Gestalt therapy. Often, these _____ may involve making prescribed verbalizations or engaging in various role plays.

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gestalt games

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A capacity for competence that all individuals possess. The foal of client-centered therapy is to release this capacity

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growth potential

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an approach to psychology that views individuals as unified, whole, and unique beings who exercise free choice and strive to develop their inner potentials.

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humanism

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(literally "the therapy of meaning") a widely known form of existential therapy developed by Victor Frankl that encourages the client 1. to find meaning in what appears to be a callous, uncaring, and meaningless world, 2. to develop a sense of responsibility for his or her life.

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logotherapy

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In Gestalt therapy, rules for patients to live by (live now, express directly, reject all 'shoulds" and "oughts" that are not you own, take complete responsibility for your actions).

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moral precepts

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A technique described by Frankl in which the client is told to consciously attempt to perform the very behavior or response that is the object of anxiety or concern. The ________ is that the person will usually be unable to do what he or she fears doing when he or she tries to do it intentionally

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paradoxical intention

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the client-centered approach when it is applied to problems or situations outside of the therapy room (volunteer training, the training of medical professionals)

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person-centered approach

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The part of the phenomenal field that the person experiences as "me". According to the phenomenological theory, humans have a basic urge to preserve and enhance the _____

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phenomenal self

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A philosophical/theoretical approach that asserts that an individual's behavior is completely determined by his or her phenomenal field, or everything that is experienced by the person at any given point in time.

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phenomenology

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A relatively new treatment approach that integrates the client-centered and Gestalt therapy traditions.

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process-experiential therapy

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The awareness of one's being and functioning as separate and distinct from all else.

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self

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the basic human tendency toward maintaining and enhancing the self.

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self-actualization

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One of the three therapist characteristics considered essential for client-centered work. __________ refers to complete acceptance of and respect for the client as a human being, without conditions or requirements

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unconditional positive regard

Clinical Psych Chapter 12, 13, and 15 – Flashcards

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