Civics & Economics SOL Review – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Consent of the Governed
answer
People are the source of any and all governmental power
question
Rule of Law
answer
Those who govern are bound by the law
question
Limited Government
answer
The government *is not* all powerful and may only do what the people have given it permission to do
question
Democracy
answer
The people rule "...a government of the people, by the people, and for the people"
question
Representative Government
answer
People elect members of Congress and the General assembly to make laws for them and *represent* them in the government
question
Charters of the Virginia Company of London
answer
Rights of Englishmen guaranteed to colonists
question
The Virginia Declaration of Rights
answer
Served as a model for the Bill of Rights of the Constitution of the United States of America
question
Declaration of Independence
answer
-Stated grievances against the king of Great Britain -Declared the colonies' independence from Great Britain -gave people "unalienable rights" (life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness) -Established the idea that all people are equal under the law
question
Articles of Confederation
answer
-Established the first form of national government for the states -gave major powers to states -national/central government was weak (e.g., no power to tax and enforce laws) -Led to the writing of the Constitution of the United States of America
question
Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom
answer
Freedom of religious beliefs and opinions for Virginians
question
Constitution of the United States of America (Including the Bill of Rights)
answer
-Structure of the United States government -Guarantees equality under the law with majority rule and the rights of the minority protected -Affirms individual worth and dignity of all people -Protects the fundamental freedoms of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition (SPRAP)
question
Citizen
answer
an individual with certain rights and duties under a government and who, by birth or by choice, owes allegiance to that government
question
Two ways to become a US Citizen
answer
Birth Naturalization
question
Two requirements to be naturalized
answer
Demonstrate knowledge of American History and principles Ability to read, speak and write English
question
Freedom of Speech
answer
The right to engage in oral, written, and symbolic speech protected by the First Amendment.
question
Freedom of the Press
answer
right to publish newspapers, magazines, and other materials without government restriction
question
Freedom of Religion
answer
people shall be free to have their religion, and government may not establish a religion
question
Freedom of Assembly
answer
the right to gather with other people in public *peacfully*.
question
Freedom of Petition
answer
the right to present requests to the government without punishment. Ex: Lobbying
question
Duties
answer
-things you must do -if you don't do them you will face *legal* consequences
question
Responsibilities
answer
-voluntary -You should do them for the betterment of your community
question
4 Duties
answer
-Obey laws -Pay taxes -Serve in the Armed Forces if called -Serve on a jury or as a witness if called
question
Main Responsibilities of Citizens
answer
• Register and vote • Hold political office • Communicate with government officials • Participate in political campaigns • read or watch news to keep informed of current events • Respect rights of others
question
3 types of community service
answer
• Volunteer to support democratic institutions (e.g., League of Women Voters). • Express concern about the welfare of the community as a whole (e.g., environment, public health and safety, education). • Help to make the community a good place to work and live (e.g., by becoming involved with public service organizations, tutoring, volunteering in nursing homes).
question
5 Traits of Good Citizens
answer
• Trustworthiness and honesty • Courtesy and respect for the rights of others • Responsibility, accountability, and self-reliance • Respect for the law • Patriotism
question
Trustworthiness
answer
The trait of deserving trust and confidence
question
Honesty
answer
The quality of being honest
question
Courtesy
answer
Politeness and kindness
question
Responsibility
answer
The trait of using self control and acting rationally
question
Accountability
answer
The trait of being willing to take responsibility for your actions
question
Self-Reliance
answer
The quality of working hard to do things yourself instead of begging others to do things for you
question
Patriotism
answer
love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it
question
1st Amendment
answer
Freedom of speech, press, religion, assembly, and petition
question
5th Amendment
answer
NATIONAL Due Process (fair treatement by gov't)
question
14th Amendment
answer
STATE Due Process (fair treatment by gov't) Definition of citizenship
question
16th Amendment
answer
Power to tax
question
4 Functions of political parties
answer
-Recruit and nominate candidates -Appeal to voters (electorate) -Help candidates to win elections -Monitor the actions of officeholders (Serve as watchdogs)
question
Two party system
answer
Party system in the US
question
Third parties
answer
-Introduce new ideas -Working for major causes -Revolve around a popular person -Rarely win elections, but play an important role in politics
question
4 Similarities of political parties
answer
-Organize to win elections -Influence public policy -Reflect both liberal and conservative views -Appeal to political center (moderate views)
question
4 Strategies for evaluating campaign info
answer
-Separating fact from opinion -Detecting bias -Evaluating sources (taking a close look at something) -Identifying propaganda
question
5 Roles of the mass media in campaigns
answer
-Identifying candidates -Emphasizing selected issues -Writing political cartoons and editorials -Publishing op-ed pieces -Presenting different points of view
question
Rising campaign costs
answer
• Require candidates to conduct extensive fund-raising activities • Limit opportunities to run for public office • Give an advantage to wealthy individuals who run for office • Encourage the development of political action committees (PACs) • Give issue-oriented special interest groups increased influence
question
Campaign finance reform
answer
• Rising campaign costs have led to efforts to reform campaign finance laws. • Limits exist on the amount individuals may contribute to political candidates and campaigns
question
Qualifications to register to vote (in VA)
answer
MUST BE: -A US Citizen -Resident of VA -Will be 18 yrs. old by Election Day
question
22
answer
The minimum number of days before Election Day that you can register
question
3 Factors that can be used to predict voter turnout (Hint AEI)
answer
-Age -Education -Income
question
Reasons why people don't vote
answer
-Apathy (lack of interest) -Failure to register
question
Apathy
answer
Lack of interest, couldn't care less
question
President and Vice President
answer
Elected leaders that are chosen by the electoral college
question
Congressional Representation role in the Electoral College
answer
determines a state's number of electoral votes
question
Winner-Takes-All system
answer
Candidate gets all electoral votes in a state
question
Justice
answer
Fairness (similar not the same)
question
Tranquility
answer
Peace
question
Defense
answer
safety, protection
question
Welfare
answer
well-being
question
Posterity
answer
descendants
question
Establish
answer
create
question
Insure
answer
guarantee
question
Domestic
answer
inside the country
question
Provide
answer
give
question
Liberty
answer
freedom
question
Federalism
answer
division of power between the federal, or national, government and the states
question
Expressed Powers
answer
Listed/Written in the U.S. Constitution for the federal government
question
Implied Powers
answer
*NOT* written in the Constitution, but used by the FEDERAL government to carry out Expressed/Enumerated powers
question
Reserved Powers
answer
Powers that are not give to the national government and reserved for the states. The 10th amendment gives these.
question
State government/State Constitution
answer
Where the local government gets it's power from
question
Legislative branch
answer
makes the law - approves, impeaches, makes, overrides vetos
question
Judicial branch
answer
interprets the law - declares laws unconstitutional
question
Executive branch
answer
executes the law - vetoes, calls special sessions of congress, appoints, pardons
question
27
answer
Number of amendments to the US constitution
question
Congress or Convention
answer
2 ways an amendment can be proposed
question
State ratification
answer
approval; needed to pass an amendment
question
10th Amendment
answer
All powers not given to the national government are reserved for the states
question
Bicameral
answer
Two houses
question
How a bill becomes a law
answer
Introduced Working in committees Debating on the floor Vote in BOTH houses Signature from the President or Governor
question
State of the Union Address
answer
Annual speech by the President about issues in the country (Chief Legislator)
question
State of the Commonwealth Address
answer
Annual speech by the Governor about issues in the state (Chief Legislator)
question
Veto
answer
To say no to; dismiss
question
Bureaucracy
answer
What the Cabinet, Agencies, and Regulatory groups make up
question
Forum
answer
A place where many people can make public their ideas
question
Lobbying
answer
Seeking to influence legislators to introduce or vote for or against a bill
question
Interest groups
answer
Groups that charge members a membership fee. These groups are for a cause and lobby officials to vote whichever way benefits their cause.
question
Virginia Supreme Court
answer
Virginia Court with justices and no jury. Limited original jurisdiction and appellate jurisdiction.
question
Virginia Court of Appeals
answer
Virginia court with judges and no jury. Appellate jurisdiction only.
question
Virginia Circuit Court
answer
Virginia court with a judge and a jury. Original jurisdiction for felony cases and civil case over $25000 and appellate jurisdiction.
question
Virginia District Court
answer
Virginia court with a judge and no jury Original jurisdiction only (includes Juvenile & Domestic Relations Court
question
Virginia Juvenile and Domestic Relations court
answer
Virginia court with a judge and no jury Cases involving juvenile (child) offenders and domestic (family) issues.
question
U.S. Supreme Court
answer
U.S. Court with 9 justices and no jury. Limited original jurisdiction and appellate jurisdiction.
question
U.S. Court of Appeals
answer
U.S. Court with justices and no jury. Appellate jurisdiction only.
question
U.S. District Court
answer
U.S. Court with a judge and a jury. Original jurisdiction only.
question
Judicial Review
answer
An important power that the supreme court's of the US and Virginia have. This power allows them to declare laws and executive acts *UNCONSTITUTIONAL*.
question
Marbury vs. Madison
answer
Case that established Judicial Review.
question
U.S. Constitution
answer
The supreme law of the land
question
Criminal case
answer
Case where it is decided if the accused is guilty of a crime or innocent.
question
Probable cause
answer
A reason for a police officer to arrest someone. This is necessary for an arrest to take place.
question
Arraignment
answer
Probable cause is reviewed, defendant may be appointed an attorney, plea is entered.
question
Appeal
answer
Ask for your case to be reviewd a higher court Courts look for error or violation of due process
question
Civil case
answer
Case where court settles disagreements between to parties; law suit
question
Plaintiff
answer
Person who is suing someone else.
question
Due process
answer
Government cannot treat you unfairly
question
Scarcity
answer
the inability to satisfy all wants at the same time. All resources and goods are limited. This requires that choices be made.
question
Resources
answer
factors of production that are used in the production of goods and services. Types are natural, human, capital, and entrepreneurship.
question
Choice
answer
selecting an item or action from a set of possible alternatives; picking something
question
Opportunity Cost
answer
whats given up when you make a choice
question
Price
answer
amount of money exchanged for a good or service. Supply and demand interacting chooses this.
question
Incentives
answer
things that motivate and change economic behavior Ex: 0% Interest, Free Shipping
question
Supply
answer
amount of a good or service that the producer is willing to provide at a specific price
question
Demand
answer
number of goods or services the consumers are willing to buy at a specific price
question
Production
answer
combining of resources to make a good or give a service
question
Consumption
answer
using goods and services
question
Free Market Economy
answer
Private Property | Profit | Consumer Sovereignty | Competition
question
Mixed Economy
answer
most common type of economy today where individuals are in charge of the private sector and the government is in charge of the public sector
question
Command economy
answer
- Central ownership of property/resources - Centrally-planned economy - Lack of consumer choice
question
U.S. Economy
answer
MIXED Private property, profit, consumer sovereignty, competition
question
Private property
answer
Individuals and businesses can own property and resources without unnecessary government interference
question
Profit
answer
Earnings after all expenses are paid
question
Consumer sovereignty
answer
Consumers decide price by what the buy
question
Competition
answer
Rivalry that causes better quality at lower prices
question
Proprietorship
answer
One owner takes all the risks and gets all the profit. Most popular type of business
question
Partnership
answer
Two or more own owners share both the risk and the profit.
question
Corporation
answer
Owners share the profits. Owner liability is limited to investment.
question
Entrepreneur
answer
Someone who takes a risk and starts a business
question
Income
answer
Money you make
question
financial institutions
answer
Banks, savings and loans, credit union, securities brokerages
question
Interest
answer
Extra money the borrower has to pay the lender when they pay back the money they borrowed
question
Global Economy
answer
Worldwide markets in which the buying and selling of goods and services by all nations takes place
question
Efficiency
answer
the quailty of being quick and accurate
question
Antitrust Legislation
answer
Laws that keep monopolies from being formed.
question
Public Goods and Services
answer
Individuals *could not* provide them efficiently. Interstate highways, postal service, etc.
question
Tax revenue
answer
the money a government gains from the collection of taxes
question
Government Tax Increases
answer
Causes money available for personal and business spending to go down.
question
Government Tax Decreases
answer
Causes money available for personal and business spending to go up
question
Increased Government Borrowing
answer
Causes money available for people and businesses to borrow to go down
question
Decreased Government Borrowing
answer
Causes money available for people and businesses to borrow to go up
question
Increased Government Spending
answer
Increase in demand, employment, production, and taxes
question
Decreased Government Spending
answer
Decrease in demand, employment, production, and taxes
question
Federal Reserve
answer
The banker's bank that tries to keep the economy stable
question
Contracts
answer
legal agreements between buyers and sellers
question
self assessment
answer
when you learn about ones self by looking at work values interests attitudes, abilities, and personality traits
question
work ethic
answer
a commitment to the value of work and purposeful activity
question
The amendment process is very ___
answer
complex
