Civics and Economics Review Packet Flash Cards – Flashcards
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Branch of government that can declare laws unconstitutional.
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Judicial
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Level of government that protects from military attack.
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National
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Level of government that runs the post office.
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National
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Abolished Poll taxes in National Elections
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24th
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Makes Congressional pay raises take effect during the term following their passage
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27th
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Freedoms (religion, assembly, press, speech, petition)
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1st
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Due process, protection from self-incrimination, eminent domain, grand jury, double jeopardy
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5th
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Lowered the voting age from 21 to 18.
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26th
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Supreme Court Case that said evidence can not be used if it is illegally obtained.
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Mapp v. Ohio
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Branch of Government checking the Legislative and Executive branch through Judicial Review.
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Judicial
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Federal Judges are
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Appointed
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Highest authority in the US
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Constitution
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When rights guaranteed by the Constitution conflict, the Federal ________decides which to uphold
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Judicial Branch
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principle of the US government that states there are certain powers the government should not have
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Limited Government
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Supreme Court Case—No reading from the Bible in public schools
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Abbington
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name for the governmental system that divides the power structure between a central government and a state government
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Federalism
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pro-state's rights
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Anti Federalists
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first 10 amendments to the Constitution are
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Bill OF Rights
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geographic region of colonial America that relied on large plantations, slave labor, and few commercial centers for their economic existence.
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Southern
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leaders of the House of Representatives/most powerful person in Congress
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Speaker Of House
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The president can negotiate treatise with foreign nations but this must approve them
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Senate
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Number of seats a state has in the House of Representatives is determined by
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Population
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Commander in Chief of the Military
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President
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Enumerated Powers are powers granted to this level of government
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Federal
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Delegated powers are powers granted to this level of government
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False
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They pay the costs of basic police and fire protection
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Taxpayers
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Name of our legislative branch at the state level
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General Assembly
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These help communities when local government can not provide the service due to financial reasons
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Volunteer Programs
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Enforces laws in the city
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Chief Of Police
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Enforces laws in the county
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Sheriff
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When a city adds a neighborhood or geographic area to the city
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Annexiation
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powers that go to the state—setting high school graduation requirements, marriage laws
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Reserved powers
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Dividing a state into odd shaped districts for political reasons
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Gerrymandering
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a local law
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Civil
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In NC, public parks are paid for by these
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Taxes
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A mayor, governor, and president are all
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Chief Executives
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largest source of revenue for local governments
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Property Taxes
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Officially elects the President
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Electoral College
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Term for the people of a Congressional District that elect their representatives
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Constituents
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Official running for re-election
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Incumbent
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Senators and Congressmen are ____________ by the people
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Directly elected
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Elects the President if no candidate gets a majority
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House OF Represenatives
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Office a naturalized citizen can never hold
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President
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Propaganda technique that uses numbers—4 out of 5 dentists recommend Crest
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Bandwagon
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This is the best way for an individual to voice an opinion on the performance of public officials
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Voting
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An election in which voters can approve or reject a law passed by a state or local legislature
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Referendum
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Right to vote
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Suffrage
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Public official use this to their advantage by issuing press releases highlighting themselves
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Media
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printing lies about a person to intentionally harm a person's reputation
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Libel
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Congressional Committee assignments and Chairpersons for committees are decided based upon the
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Seniority System
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PAC stands for
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Political Action Committee
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When the President does not sign a bill (when Congress is not in session) it does not become law
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Pocket Veto
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Term for a political movement that begins with the people
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Grassroots
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term for the people giving leaders permission to make decisions for them when they vote them into office
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Consent OF Governed
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Influences Congressional legislation and decision-making by representing an interest group
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Lobbyist
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If Democrats controlled the Senate, the __________would likely lead opposition to the Republican Party legislation
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Majority Leader
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Free mailing privileges—gives incumbents running for re-election an advantage
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Franking Priveleges
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Sides in a Civil Case
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Plaintiff and Defendant
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A person who commits 1st Degree Murder could face this for the felony
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Capitial Punishment
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Type of law that deals with disputes between individuals
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Civil Law
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Stands for the agency responsible for protecting the environment
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EPA
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Court exist to resolve this
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Conflict
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Drug Enforcement Agency ?
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DEA
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Crime of burning down a house or building
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Arson
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Court you would go to if you sued someone
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Civil Court
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The punishment for 2nd degree murder would most likely be
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Prison Term
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In NC, a person on trial for murder would be tried in
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NC Superior Court
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Has jurisdiction in armed robbery and kidnapping cases
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FBI
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Driving while impaired is this offense
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Criminal
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The attorney who represents the state or the government
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District Attorney
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What type of law would be concerned with shoplifting
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Misdemeanor
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The police must show _________ that evidence of a crime will be found to get a search warrant
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Reasonable Suspicion
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If a prisoner is sentenced to death in NC, the next step would be this to a higher court
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Appeal
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Rules of Evidence in Criminal cases are strict to protect
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Rights of an Individual
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a person convicted of a crime can file this if they feel errors were made in their trial or new evidence is found
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Appeal
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not paying taxes (illegal)
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Tax Fraud/Evasion
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hitting someone is called
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Battery
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Place where a filibuster takes place
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Senate
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when a government official spends government money inappropriately
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Misappropriation
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Branch of government that makes laws
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Legislative
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Death Sentence
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Capital Punishment
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stealing from your employer/type of white collar crime
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Embezzlement
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if someone sues another person for a small amount of money, they may sue in
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Small Claims Court
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Someone who buys and uses goods and services
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Consumer
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the amount of money you pay to use someone else's money
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Interest
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this means the same thing as Capitalism
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Free Enterprise
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land, labor, capital, entrepreneurship
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Factors of Production
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Increased worker productivity leads to more of this for a business owner
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Profit
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profit is the main incentive for starting a business in
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Captialism
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training workers increases worker output and efficiency or
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Productivity
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Founder of capitalism
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Smith
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the amount of good or service consumers are willing to buy at certain prices
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Demand
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the person who organizes land, capital, and labor and starts a new business
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Entrepreneur
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Specialization and Division of Labor lead to increased
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Productivity
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A _________ Advantage means a country produces goods or services more efficiently than another
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Comparative
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where supply and demand intersect on the Supply-Demand graph
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Equilibrium Point
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the use of this benefits the producer by making workers complete the job faster
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Division of Labor
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Both Federal and State governments raise funds through taxation. This is an example of a/an
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Income Tax
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a business can increase this for its product by investing in advertising
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Demands
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developed primarily because of poor working conditions
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Labor Unions
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this may force consumers to pay a higher price for a product or to find a substitute
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Scarcity
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The US ___________ free enterprise by allowing investors to keep a major portion of their profits
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Encourages
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the government is concerned about the country's _______ in order to monitor economic activity
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GDP/GNP
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basic economic problem, forces citizens and governments to make smart choices about resource use
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Scarcity
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If there is a large demand for a product a company manufactures, the company will make a
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Profit
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An income tax is an example of this type of tax
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Progressive Tax
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Federal Reserve's money policy that is meant to encourage spending
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Easy Money Policy
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During a recession, the Federal Reserve may lower this to encourage consumer spending
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Interest Rate
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electric companies are _________by the government so that they don't raise prices too high
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Regulated
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A government corporation example
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Post Offic
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name for the model that shows the economic interdependence between businesses and households
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Circular flow
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Diplomacy, Aid, and Alliance are components of this US policy
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Foreign
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If US consumers don't save money in banks, a US business wishing to borrow money may have to seek out
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Foreign Leaders
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the US government can raise money by selling
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US Savings Bonds
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Insuring this is the most important economic responsibility of the US government
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Fair competition
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If the Federal Reserve were to lower Interest Raters, the number of house built and sold would likely
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Increase
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the increased use of credit leads to a/an ______ economy
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Expanding
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the most important job of the Federal Reserve is to control the nation's
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Productivity
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______own the resources and means of production in a market economic system
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Capitalists
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the most profitable way to set prices is above production costs but
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Below other suppliers
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As demand increases, profits
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Increase
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refusing to pay taxes
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Tax Evasion
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A business may pay for employees to take courses at a local community college to increase
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Profits
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The IRS is apart of this executive department
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Dept. Of Treasury
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Prices going up is
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Inflation
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economic system where individuals have the personal freedom to start businesses and own property
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Capitalism
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used by governments to prevent domestic-made products from being undersold by foreign competition
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Protective Tariffs`
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tax on imported goods
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Tariff
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the desire of people to have goods and services
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Wants
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Buyer's side of a Market Economy
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Demand
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Seller's side of a Market Economy
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Supply
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when there is no competition for a good or service
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Monoply
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the difference between a recession and depression is the severity of the
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Contracting
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What happens to the value of a dollar when prices go up
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Increase
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type of business that can change its ownership through stock transfers
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Coporations
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a steady rise in the GDP/GNP over several years most likely means the US economy is
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Inflating
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trees would be which factor of production
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Land
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When supply is up and demand is down, what happens to price?
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It goes down
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two advantages for consumers when competition exists are lower prices and _________ goods
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Higher Quality
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2 sides of a market transaction
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Supply and Demand
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Improvements in _____________help manufacturers produce more products
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Taxes
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Exchanging money for a CD would be an example of a/an t
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Trade Off
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The Federal Reserve lends money to member
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Banks
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As supply increase, prices
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Decrease
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A machine would be which factor of production
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Capital
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most important question to ask before starting a new business
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Is there demand?
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Supplying paper money, regulating the money supply, clearinghouse for checks
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Treasury
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money an individual has left to spend after paying bills, taxes, and other expenses
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Disposable income
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long term debt on real property such as houses, buildings, and land
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Mortgage
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happens to prices when too much money is in circulation
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Goes up
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Founder of Socialism and Communism
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Marx
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when a corporation joins another corporation
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Merger
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economic system where the incentive is supposed to be the good of the country
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Command
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bargain with management for better working conditions, higher pay, and benefits
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Collective Bargaining
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Workers would be which factor of production
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Labor
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When a country imports more than it exports
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Trade Deficit
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when a single firm controls prices, quality, and all decisions related to a good or service
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Monopoly
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In a pure monopoly, there is no
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Competition
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an increase in price is
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Inflation
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if there is an increase in consumer credit, the economy will grow or
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Contract
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type of tax that provides the most revenue for the Federal Government
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Income Tax
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when investors earn a profit by selling stock after they increase in value
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Capital Gain
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money you pay for using someone else's money
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Interest
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the value of a second choice not taken
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Opportunity Cost
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in what type of economic system to you have free enterprise
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Capitalism
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In a sole proprietorship, who would be sued if the company produces a hazardous product
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Business Owner
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The Federal Reserve lends money to member
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Banks
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As supply increase, prices
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Decrease
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exporting more than importing is a favorable
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Balance of Trade
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when investors earn a profit by selling stock after they increase in value
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Capital Gain
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During a recession, congress may decide to ____________to help give people more money to spend
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Reduce Taxes
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the total retail value of all the goods and services produced in a country in 1 year
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GDP/GNP
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Supreme Court Case—legal counsel must be provided regardless of ability to pay
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Gideon
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Supreme Court Case—president cannot claim executive privilege to withhold evidence of a crime
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Nixon
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Supreme Court Case—Japanese Internment Camps were okay during WWII
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Korematsu
