Chp 7 Quiz – Flashcards
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Fibers linking the __________ to the __________ grow and myelinate from birth through the preschool years, contributing to dramatic gains in motor coordination.
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cerebellum; cerebral cortex
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Casey suffered damage to his cerebellum. Casey will most likely display both _______ and __________ deficits.
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motor; cognitive
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Piaget acknowledged that ________ is a child's most flexible means of mental representation.
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language
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According to Piaget, the most fundamental deficiency of preoperational thinking is
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egocentrism
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The belief that inanimate objects have lifelike qualities, such as thoughts, wishes, feelings, and intentions, is called
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animistic thinking
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According to Piaget, magical thinking is common during the preschool years because
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young children egocentrically assign human purposes to physical events.
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Three-year-old Will brings all of his action figures to preschool for show-and-tell because he does not want any of them to feel bad if they are left behind at home. Will is demonstrating
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animistic thinking
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______________ refers to the idea that certain physical characteristics of object remain the same, even when their outward appearance changes
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Conservation
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Piaget's conservation-of-liquid task demonstrates that preoperational children's thinking is characterized by __________ in that they focus on one aspect of a situation, neglecting other important features.
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centration
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The most important illogical feature of preoperational thought is its
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irreversibility
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Preoperational children have difficulty with ________________, which involves the organization of objects into groups based on similarities and differences.
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hierarchical classification
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After putting on a Halloween mask and looking at her reflection in a mirror, 3-year-old Maggi is frightened. This is probably because Maggi
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has a fragile understanding of the appearance-reality distinction.
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Piaget called children's self-directed utterances _________ speech, reflecting his belief that young children have difficulty taking the perspectives of others.
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egocentric
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According to Vygotsky, private speech during the preschool years
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helps young children guide their behavior during challenging tasks.
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Research shows that children more often use private speech when
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tasks are appropriately challenging and they are confused about how to proceed.
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According to Vygotsky, a parent engages in _______ when he adjusts the support offered to the child during a teaching session to fit the child's current level of performance.
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scaffolding
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Consistent with Vygotsky's ideas, research shows that ______________ predict(s) gains in children's thinking.
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adult cognitive support
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_____________ refers to shared endeavors between more expert and less expert participants, without specifying the precise features of communication.
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Guided participation
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Which of the following is true about preschoolers' ability to generate and follow a plan?
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When parents encourage planning in everyday activities, they help children plan more effectively.
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General descriptions of what occurs and when it occurs in a particular situation are known as
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scripts
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Children's active efforts to construct literacy knowledge through informal experiences are called
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emergent literacy
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Which of the following is supported by research on child care?
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Good child care enhances cognitive, language, and social development
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The practical, social side of language is called
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pragmatics
