Chp 6,7,8,9-Chem – Flashcards
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| Anion |
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| Any atom or group of atoms with a negative charge |
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| Binary Compound |
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| A compound composed of two elements. |
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| Cation |
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| Any atom or group of atoms with a positive charge |
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| Chemical Formula |
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| Shows the number and type of atoms present in the smallest representative unit of a substance |
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| Formula Unit |
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| The lowest whole number ratio of ions in an ionic compound |
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| Ion |
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| An atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge |
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| Ionic compound |
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| A compound composed of positive and negative charge |
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| Law of Definite Proportion |
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| In any sample of chemical compound, the elements are always combined in the same proportion by mass |
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| Law of Multiple Proportions |
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| Whenever two elements form more than one compund, the different masses of one element that combine with the same mass of the other element are in the ratio of small whole number |
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| Molecular Compound |
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| A compound that is composed of molecules |
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| Molecular Formula |
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| A chemical formula that shows the actual number and kinds of atoms present in a molecule of a compound |
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| Molecule |
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| A neutral chemically bonded group of atoms that act as a unit. |
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| Monatomic ion |
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| A single atom with a positive or negative charge as a result of losing or gaining valence electrons |
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| Polyatomic Ion |
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| A tightly bound group of atoms that behaves as a unit and carries a charge |
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| Ternary Compound |
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| A compound containing atoms of three different elements, usually containing at least one polyatomic ion |
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| Avogadro's Number |
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| The number of representative particles contained in one mole of a substance |
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| Empirical Formula |
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| A formula with the lowest whole number ratio of elements in a compound |
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| Gram Atomic Mass |
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| The mass, in grams, of one mole of atoms in a monatomic element (gam) |
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| Gram Molecular Mass |
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| The mass, in grams, of one mole of a molecular substance (gmm) |
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| Molar Mass |
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| The amount of matter that an object contains |
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| Molar Volume |
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| The volume occupied by 1 mole of a gas at standard temperature and pressure (STP) |
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| Mole |
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| The amount of a substance that contains 6.02x10^23 representative particles of a substance |
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| Percent Composition |
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| The percent by mass of each element in a compound |
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| Representative Particle |
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| The smallest unit into chich a substance can be broken down without a change in composition |
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| Standard Temperature and Pressure |
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| The conditions under which the volume of a gaas is usually measured (STP) |
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| Activity Series of Metals |
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| A table listing metals in order of decreasing activity |
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| Balanced Equation |
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| A chemical equation in which mass is conserved; each side has same number of atoms of each element. |
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| Catalyst |
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| A substance that increases the rate of reaction by lowering the activation-energy barrier |
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| Chemical Equation |
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| An expression representing a chemical reaction |
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| Coefficient |
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| A smal whole number that appears in front of a formula in a balanced chemical equation |
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| Combination Reaction |
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| A chemical change in which two or more substances react to form a single new substance |
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| Combustion Reaction |
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| A chemical change in which oxygen reacts with another substance, often producing energy in the form of heat and light |
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| Complete Ionic Equation |
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| An equation or a reaction in solution showing all strong electrolytes as ions |
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| Decomposition Reaction |
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| A chemical change in which a single compound is broken down into two or more simpler products |
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| Double Replacement Reaction |
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| A chemical change that involves and exchange of positive ions between two compounds |
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| Net Ionic Equation |
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| An equation for a reaction in solution showing only those particles that are directly involved in the chemical change. |
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| Single Replacement Reaction |
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| A chemical change in which one element replaces a second element in a compound |
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| Skeleton Equation |
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| A chemical Equation that does not indicate the relative amount or reactants and products |
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| Spectator Ion |
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| An ion that is not directly involved in a chemical reaction an ion that does not change oxidaton number or composition during a reaction |
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| Actual Yield |
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| The amount of product that forms when a reaction is carried out in the lab |
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| Excess Reagent |
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| A reagent present in a quantity that is more than sufficient to;react with a limiting reagent |
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| Limiting Reagent |
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| Any reactant that is used up first in;a chemical;reaction; it determines the amount of product that can be formed in the reaction |
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| Percent Yield |
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| The ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield for a chemical reaction expressed as a percentage; a measue of the efficiency of a reaction |
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| Stoichiometry |
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| That portion of chemistry dealing with numerical relatoinships in chemical reactions |
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| Theoretical Yield |
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| The amount of product that could form during a reaction calculated from a balanced chemical equation |
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| Gram Formula Mass |
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| The mass of one mole of an ionic compound |
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| Reactant |
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| A starting substance in a chemical reaction |
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| Product |
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| A substance formed in a chemical reaction |
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| Precipitate |
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| To separate a substance in solid form from a solution |
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| Solution |
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| A homogeneous mixture |
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| Solvent |
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| The dissolving medium in a solution |
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| Solute |
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| Dissolved paritcles in a solution |
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| Reagent |
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| A substance that is used in analysis and synthesis |
