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1. During the first meiotic division

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homologous chromosome pairs separate.

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2. Meiosis is necessary because

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otherwise the fertilized ovum will have too much genetic material.

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3. Identify the correct sequence for the steps of meiosis I.

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Prophase I-metaphase I-anaphase I-telophase I

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4. Synapsis occurs during

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prophase I.

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5. The number of possible chromosome combinations in a gamete of a human is

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8 million.

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6. The gubernaculum guides the testis through the ________ canal.

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inguinal

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7. The epithelium of the seminiferous tubules consists of

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spermatogenic cells and sustentacular cells.

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8. The number of sperm cells that form from a primary spermatocyte is

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4.

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9. The head of a sperm is mostly

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nucleus.

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10. Which of the following structures is unpaired?

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Prostate gland

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11. The bulbourethral glands secrete

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a mucus-like fluid.

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12. Semen

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consists of sperm and secretions. is alkaline. includes prostaglandins and nutrients.

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13. The number of sperm cells in an ejaculate averages

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about 120 million per milliliter.

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14. A circumcision removes

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the prepuce.

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15. Causes of erectile dysfunction include

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underlying disease, such as diabetes mellitus.

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16. The epididymis, coiled on the outer surface of the testis, becomes the

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ductus deferens.

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17. The average length of the epididymis is

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6 meters.

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18. The structure the sperm enters upon exiting the ductus deferens is the

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ejaculatory duct.

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19. Sperm cells mature in the

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epididymides.

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20. Undifferentiated spermatogenic cells are called

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spermatogonia.

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21. The last fluid expelled from the urethra during ejaculation comes from the

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seminal vesicles.

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22. The structure of a testis can be described as composed of

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about 250 lobules, each of which contains 1 to 4 seminiferous tubules.

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23. Which of the following correctly describes an erection?

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Parasympathetic neurons release nitric oxide causing dilation of small arteries in the penis.

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24. The epididymis is a _____ and it _____.

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tightly coiled tube on the outside of the testis; is the location for sperm maturation

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25. Male reproductive functions are controlled mainly by hormones from the hypothalamus, and

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anterior pituitary gland and testes

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26. The hormone responsible for the development and maintenance of male secondary sex characteristics is

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testosterone.

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27. Male secondary sex characteristics include

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all of the above.

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28. The interstitial cells of the testes produce

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androgens.

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30. The tubular part of the uterus that extends downward into the upper vagina is the

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cervix.

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31. The egg, or ovum, is more correctly called

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a secondary oocyte.

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32. A Pap smear is used to detect abnormal cells in the

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cervix.

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33. The zona pellucida consists of

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glycoprotein.

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34. The dimensions of a uterine tube are

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0.7 centimeters in diameter and about 10 centimeters long.

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35. Fertilization normally occurs in the

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uterine tube.

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36. Which of the following terms is/are correctly defined?

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Ovulation-rupture of an ovarian follicle and release of a secondary oocyte and first polar body. Vestibule-space enclosed by the labia minora. Orgasm-pleasurable sense of physiological and psychological release.

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37. The inner mucosal layer of the uterine wall is the

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endometrium.

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38. The first step in oogenesis is a

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primary oocyte divides to form a secondary oocyte and a first polar body.

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39. The female structure that corresponds to the male penis is the

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clitoris.

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40. In females, which structure is immediately anterior to the vagina?

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Urethra

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41. Menopause is due to aging of the

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ovaries.

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42. The hormone mainly responsible for the development and maintenance of female secondary sexual characteristics is

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estrogen.

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43. About the time of ovulation, the anterior pituitary gland releases a surge of

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LH.

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44. Lulu is 53 and has not had her menstrual period in a year. Several times a day, she feels a tingling in her upper chest, and then heat washes over her, in an upwards direction. It is intensely uncomfortable for about 5 minutes, during which she is nearly overwhelmed with an urge to fling off her clothing. The cause of Lulu's hot flashes is

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an increase in gonadotropin concentration and a decrease in estrogen concentration.

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45. Signs of menopause include

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shrinking of the vagina, uterus, and breasts.

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46. Compared to males who train for endurance events, females who train for such events typically

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maintain a higher percentage of body fat.

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47. Judy runs 50 miles a week. She and her husband have been trying to conceive for three years, with no luck. Her disturbed reproductive cycles and infertility are due to

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decreased synthesis of estrogens.

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48. In the reproductive cycle, estrogen _____, whereas progesterone _____.

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stimulates uterine wall development; stimulates the uterine lining to become more glandular

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49. A woman going through menopause may take ______ to minimize the symptoms.

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A= hormone replacement therapy

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50. A mammary gland contains ____ lobes.

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A= fifteen to twenty

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51. The glands in a lobe of a breast

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A= drain into alveolar ducts, which drain into a lactiferous duct that leads to the nipple.

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52. The most commonly used oral contraceptives contain

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A= synthetic estrogen and progesterone.

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53. Which of the following is (are) forms of contraception?

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Rhythm method Chemical barriers Intrauterine device

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54. Which of the following provides mechanical contraception?

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a diaphragm.

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55. Oral contraceptives may cause

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increased skin pigmentation. breast tenderness. fluid retention.

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56. Possible problems from donating eggs include

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psychological difficulties from wondering about the fate of the eggs. infertility. ovary scarring.

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57. The prostate gland is the size and shape of a

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walnut or chestnut.

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58. Factors that may suggest prostate cancer include

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A= cellular changes observed in a biopsy sample. A= elevated PSA level in the blood. A= enlargement of the prostate gland.

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59. Undescended testes cause infertility because

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A= sperm development is impeded by the higher internal body temperature.

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60. A cause of female infertility is failure of ovulation due to hyposecretion of hormones from the

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A= anterior pituitary gland.

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61. In endometriosis,

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A= tissue resembling the inner uterine lining grows in the abdominal cavity.

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62. A hysterosalpinogram measures or shows

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A= whether or not a uterine tube is open.

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63. Tamoxifen and raloxifene act by

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A= blocking estrogen receptors

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64. "You can't possibly have breast cancer," said Jim to his roommate Eliot, who was distraught after a visit to a doctor. "You're a man!" "No, Jim. A certain percentage of breast cancer cases are in men." That percentage is

answer

A= 1.0

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65. The cells that result from meiosis are diploid.

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FALSE

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66. Chromosomes align down the center of a cell undergoing meiosis in metaphase.

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TRUE

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67. The testes originate from tissues posterior to the parietal pleura.

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FALSE

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68. The spermatogenic cells that line the seminiferous tubules produce sperm.

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TRUE

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69. The secretions of the prostate gland neutralize the acid in semen.

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TRUE

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70. Each epididymis emerges from the bottom of a testis.

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FALSE

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71. The ductus deferentia are muscular tubes, each about 25 centimeters long.

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FALSE

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72. Capacitation makes sperm tails whip more quickly.

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FALSE

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73. A positive feedback system regulates testosterone production.

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FALSE

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74. Measles can inflame the testes, impairing fertility by destroying cells in the seminiferous tubules.

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FALSE

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75. Gonadotropins include FSH and LH.

answer

TRUE

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76. The primary organs of the female reproductive system are the uterus and vagina.

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FALSE

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77. Primary oocyte production begins before birth.

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TRUE

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78. Ciliary action aids movement of an egg through a uterine tube.

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TRUE

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79. The structures of the female reproductive system that surround the openings to the urethra and vagina comprise the mons pubis.

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FALSE

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80. As many as twenty primary ovarian follicles may reach maturity simultaneously.

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FALSE

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81. The broad, suspensory, and ovarian ligaments hold an ovary in position.

answer

TRUE

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82. FSH stimulates a primordial follicle to start maturing.

answer

TRUE

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83. An increase in the level of FSH at approximately day 14 causes ovulation.

answer

FALSE

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84. Endometriosis can result in the formation of fibrous tissue around the ovaries and can prevent ovulation or obstruct the uterine tubes .

answer

TRUE

Chp 22 Reproductive System – Flashcards

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