CHM Final UCF – Flashcards
55 test answers
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answers 55question
| Bond breaking releases/takes energy? |
answer
| Bond breaking = takes energy |
Unlock the answer
question
| Exothermic reaction |
answer
| releases energy into the environment |
Unlock the answer
question
| Endothermic |
answer
| Reaction takes in energy from the environment |
Unlock the answer
question
| Electronegativity |
answer
| The ability of an atom to pull electrons from other atoms. |
Unlock the answer
question
| Covalent Bond |
answer
| equal share of electrons |
Unlock the answer
question
| Polar Covalent Bond |
answer
| -unequal sharing of electrons -when atoms that differ significantly in electronegativity share electrons |
Unlock the answer
question
| Ionic Bond |
answer
| an electron is transferred (electric force of attraction between two oppositely charged ions) -formed between non-metallic & metallic elements |
Unlock the answer
question
| Dipole Moment |
answer
| a measure of the polarity in a chemical bond or molecule, equal to the product of one charge and the distance between the charges |
Unlock the answer
question
| Polar Bond/Polar molecule |
answer
| a chemical bond or molecule that has a dipole |
Unlock the answer
question
| For molecules w. B, Si, Ge, & C as the central atom: |
answer
| -if atoms bonded to central atom are identical = non-polar -if bonded atoms are not identical & at least one is from group 15,16, or 17 = polar molecule |
Unlock the answer
question
| For neutral molecules w. N, P, As, O, S, & Se as central atom: |
answer
| Polar molecules |
Unlock the answer
question
| Avogadro's Constant |
answer
| 6.02x10^23 |
Unlock the answer
question
| Molar Mass |
answer
| grams/mole? |
Unlock the answer
question
| Positive Entropy Change |
answer
| -going from a solid or liquid or gaseous product -increase # of product molecules vs. # of reactant molecules |
Unlock the answer
question
| Negative Entropy Change |
answer
| -going from a liquid or gas to a solid product -decrease in # of product molecules |
Unlock the answer
question
| What accepts protons? |
answer
| Base |
Unlock the answer
question
| What donates protons? |
answer
| Acids |
Unlock the answer
question
| pH= |
answer
| -log[H30+] |
Unlock the answer
question
| Amphoteric Substance |
answer
| substance whose ability to act as an acid is about the same as it's ability to act as a base EX = water |
Unlock the answer
question
| Neralization Reaction |
answer
| the reaction between an acid & base -strong acid + weak base -weak acid + strong base |
Unlock the answer
question
| What is the oxidation state of S in Na2SO4? |
answer
| +6 |
Unlock the answer
question
| Allotrope |
answer
| A structurally differentiated form of an element |
Unlock the answer
question
| Hydrocarbon |
answer
| simplest organic compound (contains only hydrogen & carbon) |
Unlock the answer
question
| Configuration |
answer
| specific way in which the atoms of a molecule are connected to each other (configuration = connection) |
Unlock the answer
question
| Conformation |
answer
| same connectivity, but bonds have been rotated |
Unlock the answer
question
| Hydrocarbon Functional Group |
answer
| Methyl, Ethyl, Propyl, & Butyl |
Unlock the answer
question
| Monomer & Polymer |
answer
| monomers join together to form a polymer |
Unlock the answer
question
| Addition polymerization |
answer
| -monomers have double bond -formula mass = sum of monomers -name often ends in -ene (indicating presence of double bond in monomer) |
Unlock the answer
question
| Condensation polymerization |
answer
| -monomer unit join there is a loss of a small molecule (often water) -formula mass = less than sum of monomers -name of polymer often gives a clue that is formed by a condensation reaction |
Unlock the answer
question
| Vulcanization |
answer
| disulfide cross-links, stretched w. great tendency to snap back |
Unlock the answer
question
| Heteroatom Functional Groups |
answer
| =combo of atoms that behave as a singl unit containing at least one atom that is not C or H -add mass -create polar bonds -provide sites for intermolecular interation (hydrogen bonding & reaction) |
Unlock the answer
question
| Carbohydrates |
answer
| -body converts carbs into glucose =polymers of sugars (glucose) -main energy source -excess is stored as glycogen |
Unlock the answer
question
| Carbohydrate Metabolism |
answer
| Carbohydrate metabolism denotes the various biochemical processes responsible for the formation, breakdown and interconversion of carbohydrates in living organisms. |
Unlock the answer
question
| Glycemic Index |
answer
| 1.A system that ranks foods on a scale from 1 to 100 based on their effect on blood-sugar levels -HI GI = break down carbs fast -LOW GI = break down carbs & release glucose into bloodstream slowly |
Unlock the answer
question
| Transfats |
answer
| =fatty acids w/trans double bonds -not recognized b normal processing mechanisms in body -remain in bloodstream longer -more prone to arterial deposit |
Unlock the answer
question
| Fat Metabolism |
answer
| a metabolic process that breaks down ingested fats into fatty acids and glycerol and then into simpler compounds that can be used by cells of the body |
Unlock the answer
question
| Low-Density Lipoproteins |
answer
| "bad cholesterol" -forms plaque & gets clots |
Unlock the answer
question
| High-Density Lipoproteins |
answer
| "good cholesterol" |
Unlock the answer
question
| Omega-3 Fatty Acids |
answer
| -protective of heart health -impede VLSL sythnethis in liver -render LDL particles larger and less sticky -stabilize plaue formations |
Unlock the answer
question
| Problem w/ Partially-Hydrogenated Oils |
answer
| carbon-carbon double bonds rearrange into "trans" form |
Unlock the answer
question
| Polypeptide |
answer
| amino acids linked together in a chain forming a protein |
Unlock the answer
question
| Restriction Enzyme |
answer
| can cut both strands of DNA |
Unlock the answer
question
| Genetic Engineering |
answer
| -production of human proteins in bacteria In future: treatment for cancer & diseases, trasnplants & graphs from genetically motified animals, help agriculture by shortening time to evolve improved traits, improve productivity & cut time |
Unlock the answer
question
| Polymers of Amindo Acids |
answer
| Proteins, Enzymes, & Hormones |
Unlock the answer
question
| Scientific Method |
answer
| Observations, Questions, Hypothesis, Predictions, Tests |
Unlock the answer
question
| Scienfitic Law |
answer
| Concise summary of data, generalizes specific observations |
Unlock the answer
question
| Sceintific Theory |
answer
| Explanation of why a Law exists |
Unlock the answer
question
| Confidence grows |
answer
| based on consistency of observations made by independent groups |
Unlock the answer
question
| Diatomic Molecules |
answer
| H,N,O,F,Cl,Br,I,At |
Unlock the answer
question
| structural isomer |
answer
| same molecular formula, different structures |
Unlock the answer
question
| hydrocarbons come from |
answer
| fossil fuels |
Unlock the answer
