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1) philosophy

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1. Study of truth and/or theories 2. An outlook on life

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2) reasons why ancient philosophies developed

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1. To understand conflict. A. eg. The warring state(700 BCE- 221 BCE) B. eg. to understand emotion. a. sorrow, happiness 2. To discover the meaning of life.

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3) Laozi

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born circa 604 BCE- died circa 517 BCE a. Might have been known as "Old master" b. lived during warring states period c. wanted to end the waring states period d. did not believe in big government e. thought small government was OK f. might have written the "Dao De Jing"

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4) Dao De Jing

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1. means "Way of Virtue Classic" 2. 81 chapters of Daoist thought 3. many schoolers think it was the most influential book in Chinese history.

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5) Dao

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1. translates as "the way", or "the path", or "the way of nature" 2. A powerful force that flows through everything 3. It's a balance of/in nature/universe. 4. harmony of opposites

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6) Yin and Yang

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yin= opposite force, feminine, dark, cool, wet, mysterious, camel, shadows, earth, north side of a hill, south side of a riverbank, evil spirits, women. yang= positive force, masculine, active, dry , warm, bright, aggressive, sun, heaven, fire, south side of a hill, north side of a riverbank, horses, good spirits, men

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7) Daoist Teachings/Beliefs

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1. believed in a simple life 2. Opposed the government a. Some were OK with a small government. 3. Opposed all violence a. Fight back if in self defense. 4. Embraced harmony (belief in yin and yang) 5. #1 goal is to become one with Dao(nature) 6. Early Daoist didn't pray a single God. a. observe nature b. meditate 7. Believed in three jewels of Daoism

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8) Three Jewls of Daoism

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a. compassion b. moderation c. believed in humility

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9) humility

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to be humble

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10) inherent

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existing from birth; innate

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11) Followers of Daoism

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1. Appealed to peasants because they worked in/with nature. 2. Appealed to artists and poets because they use nature in their works. 3. Appealed to a few scholars. a. brought peace into their lives 4. Appealed to some Confucianists because it balanced their regimented lives

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12) Kong

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a. Kong was born circa 551BCE died circa 458 BCE b. orphan at 3 years old c. Grew up during the waring states period d. By his early 20s he was a teacher e. in his later 20s he started to work in the local government

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13) Confucius

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A. Confucius 1. real name was Kong a. Kong was born circa 551BCE died circa 458 BCE b. orphan at 3 years old c. Grew up during the waring states period d. By his early 20s he was a teacher e. in his later 20s he started to work in the local government f. He taught until he died

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14) analects

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9 books filled with Confucius thought. made by students. may be inaccurate.

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15) Teachings of Confucius

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1. Confucius followers wrote down his ideas which became a collection of writings known as the analects. 2. Confucian thought came to be known as Confucianism 3. Wanted to end political disorder by two different ways 4. In ancient china many of the government officials were related to people in the government 5. Confucius believed that people should obtain jobs in the government in form of meritocracy 6. Government should set a good example 7. Confucius believed that people should follow the Junzi Code "The gentleman's code"

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16) nepotism

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favoritism based on family friends and associates

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17) Meritocracy

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a system in which talented people are rewarded and advanced

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18) Junzi Code

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gentleman's code li, ren, xin, yi,

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19) li

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1. correct behavior 2. It is working in the best interest of others

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20) ren

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1. Concern and regard for people in the environment 2. Feeling inside for caring for people

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21) xin

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1. Reliable 2. Translation is "mind and heart" 3. Known as the living center of a person 4. It is the cognitive ( thinking) and action 5. It is a short term goal that could lead to a long term goal

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22) yi

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1. Never disgrace yourself or your family 2. Virtuous 3. truthful

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23) zhi

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1. Knowing your character and knowing the difference between honorable and non honorable deeds 2. Do the right thing even when no one is looking 3. Don't break rules.

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six relationships

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1. ruler to subject 2. father to son 3. husband to wife 4. older brother to younger brother 5. senior to junior 6. friend to friend

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24) Ruler to Subject

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ruler= fair, worthy of people's loyalty, virtuous working in best interest of the people, set a good example subject= obey ruler, loyal, honor ruler just because of his position of authority.

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25) Father to Son

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father= be kind, provide for son, care for son, if possible: provide education son= show respect, accept father's guidance, look after him on old age, perform costomary burial rituals, filial piety

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26) filial piety

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respect to one's parents

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27) Husband to Wife

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husband= carries out family duties, honorable and faithful wife= looks after home, takes care of childen and husband, obeys husband

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28) Older brother to Younger brother

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Older= set a good example Younger= respects character of older brother and respects older brother's experience

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29) Senior to Junior

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senior= gives encouragement, be considerate, if possible: set a good example junior= take advice, be respectful, take advice

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30) Friend to Friend

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equal power. treat each other with respect

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31) Siddhartha Gautama

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1. Siddhartha was born circa 563 BCE and he died circa 483 BCE 2. Later became knows as the Buddha 3. Born as a prince in India a. Lived in luxury/ Father didn't let him see the outside world of poverty, death, disease, etc. 4. went outside and saw all of the bad things 5. Asked himself 2 questions: a. Why does pain, suffering, and sorrow exist? b. What is the value of life and death? 6. Sought to answer those questions a. Tried self torture 1. starved himself b. Meditated 7. After he meditated he became enlightened a. Became Buddha

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32) Buddha

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spent his life teaching 'the way of life'

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33) Two Questions

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a. Why does pain, suffering, and sorrow exist? b. What is the value of life and death?

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34) "Enlightend One"

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after Siddhartha meditated, he became enlightened and saw the cycle of rebirth and how you can escape it. from then on, he was known as the Buddha.

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35) Buddhist teachings and beliefs

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1. Believed in reincarnation 2. Believed salvation comes from knowing the 'four noble truths' and following the 'eight fold path'.

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36) reincarnation

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The believe that the soul upon death comes back to earth in another body or life form

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37) four noble truths

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all life has suffering and pain greed worsens pain and suffering give up all greed and you will be freed from pain and sorrow follow the eight fold path to obtain nirvana

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38) nirvana

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Buddhist heaven

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39) eight fold path

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1. Right Effort a. working to prevent evil 2. Right views a. View the world truthfully 3. Right intentions a. Correct behavior 4. Right Living a. Working at a job that doesn't cause harm. 5. Right speech a. Telling the truth and not gossiping/lying 6. Right concentration a. Daily meditation 7. Right action a. Don't be a criminal. 8. Right mindfulness a. Being aware of what you are doing

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40) Hinayana Buddhism

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1. Very simple. 2. Buddha is a teacher, not a savior. 3. Doesn't have many rituals or ceremonies. 4. Spread to Burma, Thailand, and Cambodia.

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41) Mahayana Buddhism

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1. See Buddha as a godlike savior. 2. Have a lot of ceremonies and rituals 3. Spread to Afghanistan, China, Japan, and Korea.

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42) Hsün Tzu

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a. Ideas f.l. between 298 BCE and 238 BCE. b. believed people were born selfish, greedy and bad. c. Believed people can become good by education and by the community in which they live d. Main pupil was Han Fei Tzu

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43) Han Fei Tzu

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a. Believed that the warring states period could be stopped if people followed harsh laws. b. believed in a form of Totalitarian Rule c. was student of Hsün Tzu

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44) Totalitarian Rule

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Strong state control where the subjects show absolute obedience to authority

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45) Autocratic Government

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1. ruler has absolute power

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46) Legalistic Teachings and Beliefs

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1. people were born selfish, greedy and bad 2. people could be rewarded or punished depending on their behavior. 3. people should have useful jobs. a. farming, irrigation, roads and bridges, great wall 4. Code of Qin 5. education was banned

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47) Legalistic Laws

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a. If people refuse the laws, they could face serious punishment or death. b. Legalists created laws to reward good behavior and punish bad. c. The Legalists believed that people should perform physical labor to become a 'good person'. d. All formal education was banned.

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48) Code of Qin

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a. 'Rule of Law' 1. The law was absolute. 2. Law is more powerful than the government. b. 'Equality before the law'. 1. Idea that everyone will be punished the same.

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49) Accomplishments Under Legalism

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1. Accomplished a lot in a short amount of time due to compulsory labor. 2. Ended the warring states period and unified china for the first time. 3. Connected the Great Wall. 4. Standardized everything a. Standardized Currency b. " weights and measures c. " Tax system d. " Axle width e. " Width of roads d. " Writing 5. Terra-cotta warriors

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50) Fall of Legalism

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1. Too cruel. 2. Only lasted 14 years. 3. Han took over

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Daoism

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The founder of Daoism was Laozi The central belief of Daoism was based on nature and adapting to the enviroment The main principal of Doism was to 'go with the flow' of nature Daoists did not like strong governments. Peasants were attracting to Daoism because they were close to nature. At first, a few educated people followed Daoism but later, its support came mostly from peasants. It was important to have a balance of yin and yang because too much of one could upset harmony in nature. Too much of yin leads to dangerous storms too much yang causes hot dry weather with drought famine and fire.

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Confucianism

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Confucius believed competent and honorable scholars should have government positions. Also, he believed political disaster could be ended if people do their jobs well and if government be honorable and not stressing over building an army. li- good behavior ren- concern for others xin- respect yi- seeking the truth zhi- know difference between good and bad; be humble

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Buddhism

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The upper classes of China appealed to Buddhism because of the detailed rituals and complicated philosophy associated with it. Buddhism appealed to the lower classes of China because they hoped to find peace and tranquility in nirvana.

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Legalism

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Legalism failed when it was applied to the Qin dynasty because it was too harsh. Local officials didn't notify the government about the revolts because the thought that they might be accused of denouncing the government and killed. powerful harsh selfish born untrustworthy corrupt greedy ruthless useful occupations- utilitarianism law is more powerful- rule of law standardization- same punishment, currency, wight, measures

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