Child Devlopment 2 Final S1 – Flashcards
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Toddlers
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one and two year olds
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Preschoolers
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three and four year olds
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Sphincter
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the muscles that help regulate elimination
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Developmentally appropriate
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suitable for a particular stage
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Night terrors
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frightening sleep disturbance soon after falling asleep
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Hand
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eye coordination- being able to pick things up.. Seeing and doing
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Sibling Rivalry
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common cause of jealousy in toddlers
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Self Centered
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thinking about their own needs and wants
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Phobias
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abnormal fears
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Separation anxiety
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a fear of being away from parents
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Parallel play
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play that is near, but not actually with, other children
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Self discipline
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the ability of children to control their own behaviors
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Empathy
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the ability to understand how another person feels
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Guidance
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using firmness and understanding to help children learn to control their behavior
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Negativism
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doing the opposite of what others want
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Cooperative play
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play that is with other children
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NREM sleep
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deep sleep
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REM sleep
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cycle of sleep that produces light sleep.. dreams
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Self
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concept- how people see themselves
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Perception
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The ability to learn from sensory information.
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Neuroscience
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modern study of the brain
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Stuttering
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A speech difficulty in which a person speaks with rapid repetition of the beginning sounds of words.
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Speech
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language pathologist - A person who is trained to detect and correct speech problems.
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Incidental Learning
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Type of learning that is unplanned.
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Trial and Error Learning
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Type of learning that requires unsuccessful attempts at a task.
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Imitation Learning
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A type of learning that involves watching others and then repeating the actions they observed.
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Directed Learning
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Type of learning the is conducted at schools.
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Short term Memory
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Memory that is brief and is used to complete everyday tasks.
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Long term Memory
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Memory that is recalled from something that happened weeks or months before.
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Ambidextrous
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able to use both hands with equal skill
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Fluoride
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strengthens the enamel of teeth to help prevent decay
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Group Identification
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a feeling of belonging
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Self confidence
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belief in your own ability
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Initiative
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a motivation to accomplish more
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Self discipline
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the ability to make good choices without outside help
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Moral development
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the process of learning to base one's behavior on beliefs about what is right and wrong.
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Alliteration
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the repetition of certain sounds
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Cultural bias
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favoring or giving an advantage to those from one culture over other cultures.
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Phonemes
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the smallest individual sound in words
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IQ
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number obtained by comparing a child's test results to those of other children the same age.
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The height and weight gain of most one year olds is what?
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About half the rate experienced during their first year
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True or false, growth in height and weight is faster from ages one to three than during a child's first year?
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False
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True or false, at about three years of age, a child's chest becomes smaller around the abdomen?
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False
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What kind of skill would help develop a child's gross motor skills?
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Physical exercise
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Children show emotional readiness to learn toileting when they what?
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Show interest in using the toilet
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What makes it difficult for a child to fall asleep?
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Disrupting a bedtime routine
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True or false, most children can walk by eighteen months of age?
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True
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True or false, putting a child to bed with a bottle filled with juice can lead to baby bottle decay?
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True
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True or false, experts recommend a child first see a dentist at age 3?
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False, it is 1
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Why are imaginary friends good for young children?
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Allows them to experiment with different feelings
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Describe a child that is sleep deprived
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They are more likely to show behavior problems
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True or false, two year olds generally engage in cooperative play with others?
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False
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To change a child's aggressive behavior, what is it important to do?
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Find the cause of the behavior
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What is a good way to handle young children acting negatively?
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Redirect the child to another activity
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True or false, when offering choices to a toddler who is acting negatively, it is best to offer many alternatives?
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False
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How can parents help children get enough sleep?
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Follow the same bedtime routine every night
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Know the strongest influence on a child's self concept
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The words and actions of the primary caregiver
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How do young children begin the socialization process?
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By learning to get along with their own family members
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True or false, children who see themselves as good and capable have a positive self concept?
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True
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Why toddlers are easily distracted
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They are not able to focus their complete attention on a task
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What area of intellectual activity can parents help develop in a child by describing what they are doing or by responding to a child's questions?
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Perception
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Using imagination to produce original ideas is known as
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Creativity
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True or false, articulation problems in toddlers usually need to be corrected by speech therapy?
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False
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Articulation
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ability to use clear, distinct speech
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Why is it important for caregivers to answer a toddler's questions?
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It improves perception and promotes learning
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True or false, when buying a toy, the most important thing parents should consider is whether it serves an educational purpose?
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False, #1 thing is safety
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True or false, children learn many of the rules of grammar by listening to other people?
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True
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True or false, children begin combining words to make sentences at about one year of age?
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False
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Ways that caregivers can encourage good eating habits
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Make food appealing and modeling good food habits themselves
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Group identification is important to five year olds.
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Feel sense of belonging/wanting to fit in
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Relationship of poor nutrition and illnesses
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Poor nutrition undermines their health. Children who lack essential nutrition have less resistance to illness, may not grow adequately, and may have learning difficulties
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What type of preschoolers require more food than others?
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Amount of food depends on weight and level of physical activity
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In order to build self confidence in children, what is it important to do?
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Select activities that are challenging, but not overwhelming
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How typical five year olds deal with anger
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They are more likely to hurt other children's feelings than younger children
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True or false, by 4, children can tell the difference between what's real and what they imagine?
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False
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What age children start to want to do things for themselves.
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4 years old
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True or false, four year olds spend more time in parallel play than toddlers?
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False
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How parents can minimize sibling rivalry
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Not comparing one child to another
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Musical Intelligence
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enjoy music and can recognize sounds and quality of tone... involved in performing arts or composing music
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Logical Intelligence
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number smart, good at math, able to analyze problems, involved in scientific research and mathematical thinking
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Bodily kinesthetic Intelligence
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body smart, enjoy sports, good at athletic activities, may use body to solve problems, athletes/dancers/gymnasts
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Linguistic Intelligence
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word smart, enjoy reading/writing/talking about new things, ability to learn new languages.. writers/poets/lawyers
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Vygotsky's theory of learning.
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Socialization affects learning process of individuals, Role of social interaction in cognitive development, The more knowledgeable other (MKO), The zone of proximal development Montessori's theory on learning.
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Montessori method
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teachers and parents use it because it supports the natural development of young children in a good environment Characteristics of a Montessori school- Respect for the child, The absorbent mind, Sensitive periods, The prepared environment, autoeducation
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Who had the theory of multiple intelligences
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Howard Gardner
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Can six year olds can pronounce words correctly
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Yes, they can correctly say 90% of the words they know
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What can parents do to encourage children to express themselves through art
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encourage the creative use of different materials with different textures and allow them to express themselves freely without critizing their artwork
