Chemistry Unit 1 Test Questions – Flashcards
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| Chemical Property |
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| property used to characterize materials in reactions that change their identity |
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| Compound |
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| substance resulting from the combination of two or more elements |
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| Density |
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| mass per unit volume ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume, |
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| Element |
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| pure substance that cannot be changed into asimpler form of matter by any chemical reaction |
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| Homogeneous Mixture (solution) |
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| has uniform composition |
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| Mass |
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| a measure of the quanity of matter making up an object |
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| Matter |
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| Is anything that has mass and occupies space |
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| 1 liter (L) = _________Milliliters (ml) |
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| 1 liter (L) = 1000 Milliliters (ml |
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| Mixtures |
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| Two or more materials stirred together in which each substance retains its own idenity |
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| Physical Change |
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| any process involving a substance's change from one state (gas, liquid, solid) to another without alteration of the chemical composition |
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| Physical property |
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| property used to characterize matter and energy and their interactions |
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| pure Substance |
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| 1 type of substance definite composition cant be separated by physical processes |
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| scientific Notation |
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| Scientific notation is a way to represent numbers that are too large or too small to be written in the standard decimal notation. |
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| atom |
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| Weight or mass of a single atom-same as a atomic number |
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| atomic number |
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| weight or mass of a single atoms |
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| Mass number |
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| weight or mass of a single atom (the same as mass#, because most of the height of an atom is found in the electrons |
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| Atomic mass |
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| weight or mass of a single atom (the same as mass #, because most of the height of an atom is found in the electons etc. |
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| alkaki metal |
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| highly reactive metallic elements located in Group 1 of the periodic table |
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| alkaline earth metals |
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| the reactive metallic elements located in Group2 of the periodic table |
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| anion |
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| an ion with a negative charge |
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| Cation |
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| an ion with a positive charge |
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| electron |
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| tiny negatively charged subatomic particle moving around the nucleus of an atom |
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| energy level |
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| any of the possible energies an electron may have in an atom |
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| group |
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| a vertical column of elements in the periodic table |
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| halogen |
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| the highly reactive elements located in group 17 of the periodic table |
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| ion |
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| an atom or group of atoms that has lost or gained one or more electrons and therfore has a net electric charge |
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| isotopes |
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| any atoms haaving the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons |
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| metals |
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| the elements that are good conductors of heat and electricity located on LEFT side of stair step |
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| neutron |
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| a neutral subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom |
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| noble gas |
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| the unreactive gaseous elements located in Group 18 of the periodic table |
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| nonmetals |
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| the elements that are usually poor conductors of heat and electricity |
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| nucleus |
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| the center of an atom |
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| oribital |
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| a region in an atom where there is a high probability of finding electrons |
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| period |
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| a horzontal row of elements in the periodic table |
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| proton |
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| a positively charged subatomic particle in the nucleus of an atom |
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| transition metals |
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| the metallic elements located in groups 3-12 of the periodic table |
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| valence electron |
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| an electron in the outermost energy level of an atom |
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| 314.721 significant figures |
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| 6 significant figures |
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| 0.001775 significant figures |
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| 4 significant figures (place-holding zeroes are not significant |
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| 23.12 significant figures |
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| 4 significant figures |
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| 7.9303 significant figures |
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| 5 significant figures |
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| 63000 significant figures |
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| 2 significant numbers |
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| mixing flour and sugar |
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| physical |
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| burning coal |
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| chemical |
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| digesting pizza |
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| chemical |
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| Bending a piece of wire |
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| physical |
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| cooking a steak |
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| chemical |
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| A snow flake melts |
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| physical |
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| Spreading butter |
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| physical |
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| cutting grass |
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| physical |
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| Physical or Chemical spoiling milk |
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| chemical |
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| Physical or Chemical salt dissolving in water |
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| physical |
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| 0.0091 significant figures |
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| 2 significant numbers |
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| 20.02 significant figures |
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| 4 significant numbers zero's between non 0 significant |
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| 200.740 significant figures |
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| 6 significant numbers |
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| 0.007 significant figures |
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| 1 significant number |
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| 39.0 significant figures |
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| 3 significant numbers |
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| 6051.00 significant figures |
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| 6 significant numbers |
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| 0.0005 significant figures |
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| 1 significant numbers |
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| 0.1020 significant figures |
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| 4 significant numbers |
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| 5000 significant figures |
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| 1significant numbers |
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| 0.020 significant figures |
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| 2 significant numbers |
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| 501 significant figures |
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| 3 significant numbers |
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| 0.001775 significant figures |
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| 4 significant figures place holding zero's are not significant |
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| 7.9303 significant figures |
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| 5 significant numbers |
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| 63000 significant figures |
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| 2 significant numbers |
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| 0.0091 significant figures |
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| 2 significant numbers |
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| significant figures |
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| defined to be all the digits in a number representing data or results that are known with certainity plus one uncertain digit |
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| electronegativity |
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| is a measure of the ability of an atom to attract electons in a chemical bond. Elements with increase electro negativity have a greater ability to attract electrons |
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| polar covalent bonds |
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| is a perferred term for a bond made up of unequal shared electron pairs |
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| covalent bond |
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| sharing of electon pair of two atoms. Ex H2 |
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| chemical bond |
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| is the force of attraction between any 2 atoms in a compound |
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| ionic bond |
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| transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another |
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| monatomic ions |
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| are ions consisting of a single atoms Ex: H , Na or K |
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| Polyatomic ions |
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| are composed of 2 or more atoms bonded together |
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| Molecules |
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| Are compunds characterized by covalent bonding |
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| triple bond |
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| In which three pairs of electrons are shared by 2 atoms is very stable |
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| mass |
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| measure of the quanity of matter remains constant despite changes in temperature and pressure. Equipment used is balance to determine mass |
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| What are the diatomic molcules (name the diatomic 7) |
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| consists of 2 atoms of the same element per molecule Hydrogen gas H2 |
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| subshell |
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| where electrons move around |
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| 1 lbs=?oz |
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| 1 lb= 16 oz |
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| 1 mi = ? ft. |
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| 1 mi = 5280 ft. |
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| 1 in. = ? cm |
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| 1 in. = 2.54 cm |
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| Electrons Move___the _____ |
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| Electrons Move around the nucleus |
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| Electrons are ______charged |
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| Electrons are negatively charged |
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| Electrons are ____, but they cover a _____ |
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| Electrons are tiny , but they cover a lot of space |
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| Electron occupy ______around the nucleus |
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| Electron occupy shells around the nucleus |
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| The nucleus is the _____of the atom |
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| The nucleus is the center of the atom |
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| Protons are ______charged |
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| Protons are charged |
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| Neutrons have ______charge |
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| Neutrons have no charge |
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| The nucleus has a _______charge |
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| The nucleus has a positive charge |
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| Physical or Chemical freezing ice cream |
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| physical |
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| Physical or Chemical boiling an egg |
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| chemical reaction |
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| Physical or Chemical Decaying of food |
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| chemical |
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| physical change |
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| a change that alters only the state or appearance of a substance but not its chemical composition |
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| Mililiter |
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| a unit of volume equal to 10-3 L or 1 cm3 |
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| solid |
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| a state of matter in which atoms or molecules are packed close to one another in fixed locations with definite volume |
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| chemistry |
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| the science that seeks to understand the behavior of matter by studying the behavior of atoms and molecules |
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| temperature |
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| a measure of the average kinetic energy of the atoms or molecules that compose a sample of matter |
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| unit |
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| standard quanities used to specifiy measurement |
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| when drawing Lewis structures, a _____represents one of several possible formations of a molecule |
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| resonance structure |
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| Bond Angle |
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| a single atom with a positive or negative charge |
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| linear |
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| for a simple molecule, consisting of only two atoms, what is the only shape possible |
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| the octet rule |
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| bonds are formed by sharing or transfering electrons in order to become like a noble gas according to |
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| VSEPR |
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| the geometry around a centeral atom is due to the repulsion of electron pairs according |
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| Polyatomic Ions |
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| group of covalently bonded atoms |
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| Single bond |
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| Covalent bond in which one pair of electrons is shared between two atoms |
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| Resonance |
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| refers to bonding in molecules or ions that cannot be correctely represented by a single Lewis Structure |
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| valence electrons |
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| the electons in the outermost level are called valence electrons the valence electon will determine |
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| metalloids |
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| mostly brittle solids that have properteries of both metals and nonmetals Located around/on stair step on periodic chart |
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| Percent yield formula |
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| measured value X 100 Theoretical value |
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| significant number rules |
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| all non zero numers are significant a zero between two non zero digits is certain and considered significantExample 10101 (5 significant) a trailing zero to nonzero digits and a decimal is significant Example: 4.50 (3 sig #) |
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| What is KUPS process to problem solve |
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| Known Unknown Plan Solve |
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| 1 KILOGRAM (kg) = ________g |
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| 1 KILOGRAM (kg) = 1000g |
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| 1 gram (g) = _________milligrams (mg) |
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| 1 gram (g) = 1000 milligrams (mg) |
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| 1 mg = _______micrograms (Mcg) |
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| 1 mg = 1000 micrograms (Mcg) |
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| 1 L = ______cubic centimeter or centimeter cubed (cm3) |
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| 1 L = 1000 cubic centimeter or centimeter cubed (cm3) |
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| 1 ml = ___cm3 |
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| 1 ml = 1cm3 |
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| 1 ml = ___microliters |
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| 1 ml = 1000 microliters |
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| Examples of chemical change |
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| forms a solid |
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| Examples of physical change |
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| grind |
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| 3 major categories to periodic table |
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| metals (located on left side of stair step) metalloids (semiconductors)Located on or around stair step Nonmetals (located on right side of stair step |
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| List metalloids |
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| B |
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| List Groups (family ) on periodic chart Groups are verticle columns |
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| 1A-Alkali metals -very reactive to air IIA- alkaline earth metals -fairly reactive with air/water IIIA (metalloid) VA- (nonmetal) VIA (nonmetal) VIIA- (nonmetals) elemental halogens very reactive with metals VIIIA- inert or noble gases |
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| Periods are Horizonal rows of periodic table what are 4-7 in the B group called? period 6-7 outplaced group are called? |
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| what are 4-7 in the B group called? transitional metals period 6-7 outplaced group are called? inner transitional metals |
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| Prefix/ Number of atoms? mono- |
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| mono- 1 atom |
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| Prefix/ Number of atoms? di- |
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| di- 2 atoms |
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| Prefix/ Number of atoms? tri- |
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| tri- 3 atoms |
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| Prefix/ Number of atoms? tetra- |
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| tetra - 4 atoms |
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| Prefix/ Number of atoms? penta- |
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| penta- 5 atoms |
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| Prefix/ Number of atoms? hexa |
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| hexa- 6 atoms |
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| Prefix/ Number of atoms? hepta |
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| hepta- 7 atoms |
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| Prefix/ Number of atoms? octa- |
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| octa- 8 atoms |
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| Prefix/ Number of atoms? nona |
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| nona- 9 atoms |
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| Prefix/ Number of atoms? deca- |
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| deca- 10 atoms |
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| bond pair |
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| an electron pair shared between 2 atoms |
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| lone pair- |
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| an electron pair that is not shared between two atoms |
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| molecular geometry |
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| the general shape of a molecule as determined by the relative positions of the atomic model |
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| trigonal planar |
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| three electon pairs |
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| (1) H |
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| Hydrogen |
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| (2) He |
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| Helium |
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| (3) Li |
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| Lithum |
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| (4) Be |
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| Beryllium |
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| (5) B |
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| Boron |
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| (6) C |
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| Carbon |
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| (7) N |
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| Nitrogen |
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| (8) O |
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| Oxygen |
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| (9) F |
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| Fluorine |
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| (10) Ne |
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| Neon |
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| (11) Na |
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| Sodium |
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| (12) Mg |
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| Magnesium |
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| (13) Al |
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| Aluminum |
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| (14) Si |
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| Silicon |
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| (15) P |
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| Phosphorus |
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| (16) S |
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| Sulfur |
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| (17) CL |
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| Chlorine |
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| (18) Ar |
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| Argon |
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| (19) K |
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| Potassium |
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| (20) Ca |
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| Calcium |
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| (21) Sc |
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| Scandium |
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| (22) Ti |
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| Titanium |
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| (23) V |
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| Vanadium |
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| (24) Cr |
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| Chromium |
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| (25) Mn |
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| Manganese |
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| (26) Fe |
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| Iron |
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| (27) Co |
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| Cobalt |
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| (28) Ni |
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| Nickel |
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| (29) Cu |
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| Copper |
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| (30) Zn |
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| Zinc |
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| (31) Ga |
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| Gallium |
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| (32) Ge |
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| Germanium |
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| (33) As |
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| Arsenic |
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| (34) Se |
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| Selenium |
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| (35) Br |
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| Bromine |
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| (36) Kr |
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| Krypton |
