Chemistry Glencoe Terms – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
| Kelvin |
answer
| SI unit of temperature |
question
| extensive property |
answer
| dependent upon the amount of substance present |
question
| intensive property |
answer
| independent upon the amount of substance present |
question
| chemical change |
answer
| commonly referred to as a chemical reaction. -explode, rust, oxidize, corrode, tarnish, burn, ferment, rot |
question
| law of conservation of mass |
answer
| states that mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction-it is conserved |
question
| heterogeneous mixture |
answer
| one that does not blend smoothly throughout and which the individual substances remain distinct |
question
| homogeneous mixture |
answer
| has constant composition throughout; it always has a single phase. ALSO REFERRED TO AS SOLUTIONS |
question
| filtration |
answer
| technique that uses a porous barrier to separate a solid from a liquid |
question
| distillation |
answer
| a separation technique that is based on differences in the boiling points of the substances involved -mixture is heated until the substance with the lowest boiling point boils into a vapor that can then be condensed into a liquid and collected |
question
| crystallization |
answer
| a separation technique that results in the formation of pure solid particles of a substance from a solution containing the dissolved substance |
question
| chromatography |
answer
| technique that separates the components of a mixture (called the mobile phase) on the basis of the tendency of eac to travel or be drawn across the surface of another material (called the stationary phase) |
question
| law of definite proportions |
answer
| states that regardless of the amount, a compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proprtion by mass |
question
| law of multiple proportions |
answer
| states that when different compounds are formed by a combination of the same elements, different masses of one element combine with the same relative mass of the other element in a ratio of small whole numbers |
question
| qualitative date |
answer
| describes color, odor, shape, physical character |
question
| theory |
answer
| supported by many, many experiments |
question
| pure research |
answer
| seeks to gain knowledge for the sake of knowledge |
question
| applied research |
answer
| research undertaken to solve a specific problem |
question
| technology |
answer
| practical use of scientific information |
question
| chemical bond |
answer
| force that holds 2 atoms together. -attraction between positive and negative |
question
| ionic bond |
answer
| electrostatic force that holds opposite charged particles together in an ionic compound |
question
| electrolyte |
answer
| ionic compound where aqueous solution conducts an electric current |
question
| lattice energy |
answer
| energy required to separate one mole of ions of an ionic compound - the more negative, the stronger the force of attraction |
question
| formula unit |
answer
| simplest ratio of ions represented in an ionic compound |
question
| oxidation number |
answer
| charge of a monatomic ion |
question
| oxyanion |
answer
| polyatomic ion composed of an element, usually a nonmetal, bonded to one or more oxygen atoms |
question
| ionic compounds |
answer
| salts, crystalline compounds with high melting points that are formed by ionic bonds |
question
| acids |
answer
| molecular compounds, have appearance of ionic compounds. - contains hydrogen and releases hydrogen as an ion very easily in aqueous solutions |
question
| ate |
answer
| ic |
question
| ite |
answer
| ous |
question
| ide |
answer
| hydro -ic |
question
| low = covalent high = ionic medium = polar |
answer
| Electronegativity: low = ? high = ? medium = ? |
question
| empirical formula |
answer
| formula with the smallest whole number mole ratio of the elements |
question
| molecular formula |
answer
| specifies actual number of atoms of each element in 1 molecule or formula unit of substance |
question
| hydrate |
answer
| compound that has a specific number of water molecules bound to its atoms |
question
| kinetic-molecular theory |
answer
| describes the behavior of gases in terms of particles in motion |
