Chemistry – Chemistry Flashcard Answers
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| Acid |
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| substance that forms a sour solution in water, because of the formation of the hydrogen ions, has a pH of less than 7 |
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| Atomic Number |
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| number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
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| Atoms |
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| unit of matter, smallest unit of an element, having all the characteristics of that element |
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| Base |
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| substance that forms a bitter solution in water, because of the formation of hydroxide ions, as a pH of more than 7 |
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| Boiling Point |
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| temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas (100 degrees Celsius) |
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| Carbon dating |
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| determination of the approximate age of an object, by measuring the amount of carbon-14 it contains |
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| Chemical Property |
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| property used to characterize materials in reactions that change their identity |
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| Chemical change (Chemical reaction) |
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| any process that involves rearrangement of the molecular or ionic structure of a substance, creating a new substance |
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| Chemical composition |
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| relation stating that the relative masses of elements are fixed in a given chemical substance |
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| Chemical formula |
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| representation of a substance using symbols for its elements |
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| Compound |
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| substance that consists of atoms/ions of 2 or more different elements, cannot be separated by physical means |
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| Concentrated |
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| to make a solution less diluted, stronger |
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| Conduction |
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| process by which heat or electricity is transmitted through an object or between objects in direct contact |
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| Conservation of Matter/Energy |
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| neither energy or matter can be lost or destroyed |
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| Convention |
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| circular motion that occurs in a heated fluid, as hot fluid rises and cooler fluid sinks |
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| Covalent Bond |
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| chemical bond between nonmetals, where electrons are shared |
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| Density |
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| an object's mass divided by it's volume |
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| Dilute |
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| to lessen the force, strength, or purity of a mixture |
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| Dissolution |
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| acting of dissolving, or separating into parts, weaken |
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| Electromagnetic Radiation |
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| waves of energy that can travel through a vacuum, includes: radio waves, infrared waves, visible light, ultraviolet light, gamma rays, and x-rays |
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| Electron |
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| subatomic particle that is negatively charged and outside the nucleus |
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| Element |
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| substance composed of atoms having identical number of protons in the nucleus |
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| Empirical formula |
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| chemical formula that indicates the relative proportions of the elements in a molecule rather than the actual number of atoms of the elements |
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| Endothermic |
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| chemical reactions that require and absorb energy |
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| Energy |
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| capacity for work |
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| Exothermic |
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| chemical reaction that produces and releases energy |
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| Fission |
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| splitting of an atomic nucleus, releasing large amounts of energy |
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| Fusion |
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| the joining of atomic nuclei to form heavier nuclei, releasing enormous quantities of energy |
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| Half-time |
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| time required to convert 1/2 of a reactant to product |
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| Heat |
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| form of energy associated with the motion of atoms and the capability of being transmitted through solid and fluid media |
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| Ion |
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| charged particle, caused by the gaining or losing 1 or more electrons |
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| Ionic bond |
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| chemical bond between metal and nonmetal, transfer of electrons |
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| Isotope |
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| different atoms of the same element with the same atomic number but different mass numbers, due to different number of neutrons |
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| Lewis Dot Structure |
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| way of representing atoms or molecules by showing electrons as dots surrounding the element symbol, 1 bond is represented as 2 electrons |
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| Mass |
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| amount of matter an object has |
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| Matter |
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| anything that has mass and takes up space |
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| Metal |
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| group of elements, on the left side of the Periodic Table, they lose electrons when they become ions, are generally hard, shiny, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity |
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| Mixture |
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| composition of 2 or more substances that are not chemically combined and capable of being separated |
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| Mole |
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| amount of substance that contains as many atoms, molecules, ions, or other units as the number of atoms in 12 grams of carbon-12 |
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| Molecular Formula |
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| chemical formula that shows the number and kinds of atoms in a molecule |
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| Molecule |
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| smallest particle of a substance |
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| Neutron |
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| an uncharged particle found in the nucleus with a mass equal to a proton |
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| Nonmetal |
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| located on the right side of the Periodic Table, gains electrons, poor conductors of heat and electricity, several are gases |
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| Nuclear Reaction |
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| reaction based on splitting or fusing the atomic nuclei, releasing vast energy |
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| Nucleus |
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| the positively charged central portion of an atom that comprises nearly all of atomic mass and that consists of protons and neutrons |
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| Periodic Table |
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| table showing all the known elements based on their atomic numbers, arranged into periods and groups based on common properties and electron arrangement |
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| Physical Property |
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| property used to characterize physical object (description of the object) |
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| Physical change |
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| change from 1 state to another, or characteristic, without changing their identity |
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| Product |
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| result of a chemical reaction |
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| Proton |
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| particle in the nucleus of an atom with a positive charge and the atomic mass of 1 |
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| Radiation |
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| waves of energy that can travel through a vacuum |
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| Radioactive Decay |
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| when an unstable nucleus decays, emitting subatomic particles and radiation |
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| Reactant |
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| substance that is at the beginning of a chemical reaction |
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| Solubility |
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| the quality, condition, or degree of being soluble or solvable |
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| Solution |
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| homogeneous mixture of 2 or more substances |
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| States of Matter |
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| Substance |
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| form of matter with a uniform chemical structure; is either an element or compound |
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| Temperature |
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| measure of the average kinetic motion of particles in an object |
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| Thermal Energy |
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| heat energy based on the motion of molecules and atoms in a substance |
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| pH scale |
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| measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a chemical solution on a scale of 0 to 14 |
