CHEMISTRY 106 CHAPTERS 18, 19, 20 STUDY GUIDE – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
What is the difference between an amine and amide?
answer
amine - NH2, amide _ N - (c double bond O)
question
How many carbons attached to a secondary amine?
answer
2
question
How many nitrogen-hydrogen bonds are there around the central nitrogen in a tertiary amine?
answer
3
question
Higher BP/ propyl amine or trimethylamine?
answer
propylamine
question
Higher BP/ ethyl amine or ethyl alcohol?
answer
ethyl alcohol
question
Higher BP/ promanamine or propane
answer
propanamine
question
Higher BP/ methanamine or octanamine
answer
octanamine
question
Greater solubility/ methyl amine or trimethylamine
answer
methylamine
question
Greater solubility/ methanamine and octamine
answer
methnamine
question
DO amines have good odor or bad odor?
answer
bad
question
If ethyl amine reacts with water, what are the products?
answer
CH3-CH2-NH2 + H2O -> CH3-CH2-NH3 + OH
question
If ethyl amine reacts with HCL, what are the products?
answer
CH3-CH2-NH2 + HCL -> CH3-CH2-NH3 + Cl-
question
Is an amine salt a solid, liquid, or gas?
answer
solid
question
Are amine salts soluble in water?
answer
yes
question
What kind of odor do amine salts exhibit when compared to amines?
answer
mines smell fishy
question
What is a heterocyclic amine?
answer
nitrogem ring
question
What are the most common and stable ring sizes?
answer
5-6
question
Which of the following is a heterocyclic amine? Cyclehexylamine caffeine diphenylamine
answer
caffeine
question
What is the common name for ethanamide?
answer
acetamide
question
What makes one amino acid different from another?
answer
function
question
What are the four classes of amino acids?
answer
polar neutral, polar acidic, polar basic, and neutral
question
Which of these classes are polar?
answer
polar neutral, polar acidic, and polar basic
question
What is a zwitterion?
answer
ionized form of an amino acid
question
What is the isoelectric point?
answer
pH at which zwitterions have an overall charge of 0
question
At what pH foes the zwitterion of alkaline exist?
answer
6.0
question
Which amino acids awe able to form disulfide bonds?
answer
polar neutral amino acids
question
What is a dipeptide?
answer
-yl ending for NH3 and full name for COO- end
question
DO eperides consist of amine bonds, amide bonds, or ester groups?
answer
amide bonds
question
How would you define protein?
answer
made up of many amino acids
question
Name at least 3 functions in the body that proteins perform?
answer
repair, act as enzymes, and give energy
question
Primary structure in a protein is based on what?
answer
sequence of amino acids
question
Name two types of secondary structures in proteins and give an example of each?
answer
alpha helix- moglobin beta-pleated sheet- slik
question
What types of interactions occur in the tertiary structure?
answer
salt bridges, hydrophoc, hydrophilic, hydrogen bonds, and disulfide bonds
question
What is a salt bride?
answer
a bridge of salt to ink structures
question
What protein did we discuss in class that involves quaternary structure?
answer
hemoglobin
question
What are some of the extreme conditions that cause denaturation to occur?
answer
very high or very low temperatures, agitation
question
Which type of structure is not affected by denaturation?
answer
primary
question
What is an essential amino acid?
answer
an amino acid that cannot be made by the body
question
What is the difference between a globular and fibrous protein?
answer
globular- compact/spherical, cell metabolism fibrous- long/fiber like, wool/hair and feathers
question
Electrophoresis separates proteins bases on what two features?
answer
charge and mass
question
Give two examples of keratins?
answer
hair and nails
question
Which amino acid forms a zwitterion at a pH of 2.8?
answer
aspartic acid
question
Define the term enzyme and give two examples.
answer
proteins that catalyze chemical reactions in cells, increase the rate of reaction by lowering activation energy
question
What are the six classes of enzymes?
answer
oxidoreductases, transferases, gydrolases, lyases, isomerases, ligases
question
Which class of enzymes would be associated with the hydrolysis of sucrose?
answer
hydrolases
question
Which class of enzymes would be associated with the removal of CO2?
answer
lyases
question
What is the purpose of a catalyst?
answer
speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering activation energy
question
Which is more effective catalyst; platinum or lactase?
answer
lactase
question
What is the difference between a "lock-and-key" enzyme action model and an "induced fit" enzyme action model?
answer
lock and key- rigid substance binds to rigid enzyme induced fit- active sight flexible to adapt to substrate
question
What are the two common suffixes for enzymes?
answer
-ase and -ogen
question
Name three factors that influence enzyme activity?
answer
concentration, pH, temperature
question
How does an increase in temperature affect the rate of a reaction?
answer
speeds it up
question
Name two irreversible enzyme inhibitors?
answer
pesticides, drugs
question
What is a zymogen?
answer
inactive form of enzymes, activate when peptides are removes, transported to the part of the body where active forms are needed
question
Give to examples of zymogens and what organs produce them.
answer
pepsinogen-stomach. angiotensinogen-liver
question
Name two types of cofactors that assist enzymes.
answer
metal ions or small molecules
question
Are vitamins synthesized in the body or obtained form diet
answer
obtained from diet
question
Are vitamins required in large amounts?
answer
no, trace amounts
question
What are the two groups of vitamins?
answer
fat soluble and water soluble
question
Name the vitamins that are water soluble?
answer
B 1, 2, 3, 5, ,6 ,9, 12, C and H
question
What is the importance of vitamin A?
answer
needed for vision
question
What is the importance of vitamin E?
answer
antioxidant in cells
question
Scurvy results form a deficiency of what vitamin?
answer
vitamin C
