Chemistry 105 pt 2 – Flashcards

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question
Which of the following is a soap formula?
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CH3(CH2)14COONa
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Reaction of tripalmitin, a fat with three palmitic acid residues, with NaOH gives glycerol plus three
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CH3(CH2)14COONa
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The formula for sodium stearate is
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CH3(CH2)16COONa
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The hydrocarbon portion of a surfactant molecule is
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hydrophobic
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When used in cleaning, soap removes oily dirt by forming
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micelles
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In the cleansing action of soap, the hydrocarbon tail
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intermingles with the oily dirt, and the ionic head interacts with the water
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Which of the following molecules will act as a surfactant?
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CH3(CH2)10CH2N(CH3)3+Cl–
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Which of these molecules is a monosaccharide?
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glucose
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Which of these is an unsaturated fat?
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olive oil
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Which of the following is not produced during the metabolism of glucose in the body's cells?
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oxygen
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Which does not provide a complete protein?
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corn
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Low-protein flour is best for making biscuits.
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True
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As a human ages, the number of taste buds (papillae) on the tongue decreases.
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True
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Fats and oils are examples of
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esters
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The body stores excess ingested glucose as
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fat
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In the process of making candy, especially fudge, it's important to let the mixture cool without stirring, in order for large crystals to form.
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False
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The primary structure of a protein is determined by
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the order of the amino acids in the protein
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Nylon is a combination of two different types of molecules, a(n)
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amine and acid
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The building block of polymers are called
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monomers
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Nylon is a polyamide.
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True
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All plastics have the same melting point.
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False
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What is polyvinyl chloride used for?
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plumbing pipes
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The type of polymers that are created from monomers, like C=C, breaking open their double bonds and joining hands with their neighbors are called
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addition polymers
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When styrene polymerizes, it produces
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polystyrene
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The #1 recycling polymer is different from the other five types of recyclable plastics in that it is
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a condensation polymer
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CF2 in a long chain produces
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teflon
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The element that has been added to toothpaste to help replace the OH ions in the hydroxyapatite structure of tooth enamel (so that the enamel resists decay) is
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fluorine
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The main ingredient in oven cleaner is an acid.
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False
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Which element strengthens tooth enamel?
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fluorine
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Hair is composed of
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protein
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The essential ingredients in toothpastes are
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abrasives and detergents.
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The non-polar end of the soap molecule has the hydrocarbon chain.
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True
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Aluminum chlorohydrate is used in
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antiperspirants.
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Which chemical is used to bleach hair?
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hydrogen peroxide
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A cosmetic that is a suspension of water in oil is called
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a cream
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Soap is
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the salt of a fatty acid.
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The best way to replace water lost by the body is to drink
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plain water
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During the last stages of a marathon (26 miles) the body's principal source of energy is
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fat.
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The body mass index (BMI) is determined by which of the following physical quantities?
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weight and height
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Which activity would be aided by a large proportion of slow-twitch muscles?
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swimming 2.5 km
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According to the new food guide pyramid, which group of foods should be eaten most sparingly?
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oils
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The best thing to drink to replenish lost body fluids after exercise is
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water.
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The albatross (a sea bird) can fly for days on end. Its breast muscle would have a high proportion of
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slow-twitch muscle.
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It is recommended that our diets contain no more than ___ calories from fats.
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35%
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If insufficient oxygen is available to muscles during energy conversion, the by-products of energy production are water and
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lactic acid.
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Respiratory capacity of muscle is increased by
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endurance exercise.
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The general recommendation for vitamin consumption by most members of the scientific community is
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to eat a well-balanced diet
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The human body does not synthesize Vitamin C
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True
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You bicycle 30 miles. Although you are tired, you really feel great. This is because your brain has synthesized some
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endorphins
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Which of the following is not a goal of drugs that are used for cardiovascular disease?
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preventing bacterial infections
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The use of aspirin may lead to
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stomach problems
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A vegetarian who is not on vitamin supplements is likely to show a deficiency in which vitamin?
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B-12
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The difference among different brands of aspirin is
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cost
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A substance that causes an allergic reaction triggers the release of a class of substances know as
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histamines
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All steroids have what kind of general structure?
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four rings.
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The best thing to drink to replenish lost body fluids after exercise is
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water
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A substance with a high number for LD-50 is more toxic than a substance with a low number for LD-50.
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False
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What is the effect of lead poisoning on children?
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neurological damage
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Where was an infamous mass cyanide poisoning?
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Jonestown, Guyana
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Thalidomide is a well known teratogen.
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True
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The "gas" that was used in WW I contained phosgene. Into what corrosive chemical was this gas changed when it met with the moisture in the lungs?
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hydrochloric acid
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The known cause of approximately 35% of all cancers is
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tobacco smoking
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If a chemical produces cancer in rats, it will definitely cause cancer in humans.
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False
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What metal contributed to the condition of the "Mad Hatter?"
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mercury
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Ethanol is more toxic than methanol.
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False
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A source of carbon monoxide poisonings would be
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cigarette smoking
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