Chemistry 105 Final – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Sulfur oxides have been implicated as important contributors to the problem of acid rain. What is the principle anthropogenic source of these compounds?
answer
Coal fired power plants
question
Which anthropogenic pollutants are implicated in the formation of most acidic precipitation?
answer
Nitrogen oxides and Sulfur oxides NOX and SOX
question
A polar covalent bond is created when....
answer
Two atoms share their bonding electrons unequally
question
Molarity=...
answer
Moles of Solute/Liters of Solution *Don't forget to change L to mL*
question
Moles=....
answer
(Molarity)(Volume)
question
[H+]=
answer
1 x 10^-14 - [OH-]
question
[OH-]=
answer
1 x 10^-14 - [H+]
question
[H+] + [OH-]
answer
1 x 10^-14
question
Every increase in one pH unit indicates
answer
10 times LESS hydrogen ions in a solution
question
Predict the product of this reaction KNO3 + HNO3 -->
answer
KNO3 + H2O This is a neutralization reaction, which means that H2O is always formed along with a salt (NaCl, KNO3)
question
Most aquatic life in lakes cannot survive in water with a pH less than
answer
5 Normal aquatic life: 7-8 Most fish disappear at 5 and less
question
The acid neutralizing capacity of a lake or stream most often derives from the presence of ______ in the surrounding soil or rock.
answer
CaCO3
question
Which reaction accounts for the fact that the pH of rain is slightly acidic?
answer
CO2 + H2O --> H+ + HCO3-
question
Potable water is.....
answer
Water that is safe to drink and cook with
question
Which nitrogen containing substance is generally unreactive
answer
N2
question
Most polyatomic ions
answer
Are composed of more than two atoms
question
The pH of rain water falling through an unpolluted atmosphere is closest to:
answer
5.4 Normal rain is between 5-6 Pure water is 7
question
The air we breath is.....
answer
a mixture
question
How to you go from ppm to percentage? Ex: EPA limit for CO is 9ppm what is percentage?
answer
Move 4 places to the left 0.0009%
question
What two factors are considered when determining the risk assessment for air pollutants?
answer
Toxicity and Exposure
question
Which two gases make up most of the gases we breath?
answer
O2 and N2 78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, 0.9% Argon, 0.1% Other
question
As the ozone hole gets more pronounced, with time, one expects the incidence of skin cancer to...
answer
increase worldwide
question
The two main products of the combustion of gasoline in an automobile engine are...
answer
Water and Carbon Dioxide
question
Catalytic converters reduce the amount of ______ in car exhaust
answer
CO
question
Which correctly pairs an indoor pollutant with its source?
answer
O3 and electrical arcing
question
How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in this neutral atom of 19 9 *F*
answer
Protons: 9 Neutrons: 10 Electrons: 9 Protons and electrons are always the same and neutrons are the weight - atomic number
question
HFC's may be used to replace CFC's. Which compound is a HFC?
answer
CF3CH2F
question
You wear sunscreen on your skin in order for the sunscreen to _____________, thereby protecting your skin from some of the sun's radiation.
answer
Absorb UV-A and UV-B radiation
question
The speed of light in air
answer
Is independent of the wavelength and the frequency
question
Which is/are part of the Chapman cycle in the stratosphere
answer
Ozone is removed by interaction with UV radiation and it reacts with oxygen atoms to form oxygen molecules
question
The goal of the Montreal Protocol in 1987 was to
answer
All of these choices are correct 1) Reduce the amount of new production of chlorofluorocarbons in developed countries 2) Recycle existing chlorofluorocarbons rather than release them into the air 3)encourage research into substitutes for chlorofluorocarbons
question
Which color of the rainbow has the longest the wavelength?
answer
Red ------------------------- ROYGBIV------------------------> longest-----------------wavelength--------------->shortest --Radio--Micro---Infra---Visible---UV---Xray---Gamma--> Raging Martians Invaded Venus Using X-ray Guns
question
Chlorofluorocarbons rise to the stratosphere and
answer
Interact with UV energy to produce free radicals that destroy ozone.
question
DNA the genetic material of living organisms, is damaged by light in the...
answer
ultraviolet region, especially below a wavelength of 320 nm
question
O2 and O3 molecules are..
answer
allotropes
question
HCFC's, the current CFC replacement, is preferred over CFC's because
answer
they decompose in the troposphere
question
Even though the Montreal Protocol greatly decreased the stratospheric chlorine there is still an ozone hole. Why?
answer
CFC's are catalyst to the ozone depletion process and remain in the stratosphere for long periods of time.
question
Scientists believe that they know the average global temperature over the last 160,000 years. Which property of the ice core samples from Antarctica provides this information?
answer
the 1H/2H ratio
question
Which atmospheric component does not contribute to global warming?
answer
N2
question
Neither N2 nor O2 are greenhouse gases because
answer
their overall electric charge does not change when they vibrate
question
What international agreement attempted to reduce greenhouse gas emission?
answer
Kyoto Protocol
question
Scientists have correlated average global temperature with atmospheric carbon dioxide levels for the last 160,000 years using ice cores from Antarctica. How is the carbon dioxide level determined?
answer
by measuring the CO2 concentration on trapped air bubbles in the ice layer
question
Which practices might be considered carbon sequestration?
answer
I and III only I) Planting tress III) Pumping carbon dioxide deep into the ocean
question
Which country has the highest per capita emission of carbon dioxide?
answer
United States
question
The history of average global temperature for the last 160,000 years is derived from isotopic analysis of ice layers in Antarctica. Scientists study the ______ ratio in _______.
answer
1H/2H H2O
question
The Industrial Revolution is a key point in the Earth's atmospheric history because...
answer
prior to that time large deposits of petroleum an coal were not being used as energy sources
question
Identify the single most effective strategy to reduce cardon dioxide emissions
answer
develop alternate energy sources that do not rely on fossil fuels
question
The energy that flows from a warmer body to a colder body is called
answer
heat
