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Chemical compounds

answer

Most elements are not found free in nature but rather are linked to other elements in _____

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Chemical bonds

answer

The atoms in compounds are linked through ______

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Noble gases

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The ____ do not typically form compounds with other atoms.

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Eight

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Atoms with ____ valence electrons are particularly stable

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Octet rule

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Atoms with eight valence electrons are particularly stable and are said to fulfill the _____

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Valence octet

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Atoms form bonds to achieve a ____

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Ionic and Covalent compounds

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The two major types of chemical compounds are ____ and ____

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valence electrons

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Elements in the same family have the same number of ______

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chemical reactions

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Elements of the same family have the same number valence electrons and consequently undergo similar _____

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Lewis dot structures

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The number of valence electrons is generally equal to the group number for the main group elements. Valence electrons can be represented through ______

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An ionic compound

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_____ results from the loss of electrons by one atom (usually a metal) and the gain of electrons by another atom (usually a nonmetal).

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opposite charges (Electrostatic forces)

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Ionic bonds arise from the attraction between particles with ______

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Ion

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___ is a charged atom or group of atoms.

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Cations

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____ have a positive charge.

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Anions

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____ have a negative charge

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Cations

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Group IA, IIA, IIIA, elements typically lose one, two, and three valence electrons, respectively to become ______ in ionic compounds.

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Anons

answer

Group VA, VIA, VIIA elements typically gain three, two, and on electons, respectively, to become _____ in ionic compounds.

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Balance

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Opposite charges within an ionic compound _____ each other.

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Crossover method

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The ___ is useful in predicting the chemical formula for an ionic compound.

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Crystal structures

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Ionic compounds do not generally form discrete molecules but rahter exist as extended ______ with many cations and anions interacting.

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Covalent compound

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A ____ is formed when two atoms share electrons.

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Lone pair

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A ____ is a pair of valence elcetrons that does not participate in a chemical bond.

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Line

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When draing a molecule, a single _____ between two atoms represents the covalent sharing of two electrons.

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Double bond

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A ____ bond is represented by two lines and contains two electron pairs or four total electrons.

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Triple bond

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A _____ bond is composed of three shared electron pairs, is represented by three lines.

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Isomers

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____ are molecules with the same chemical formula but with different arrangements of the atoms.

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polar covalent bond

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Covalently bonded electrons can be shared equally by the two atoms or unequally. When two different kinds of atoms are bonded, the electrons are usually shared unequally to produce a ________.

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Nonpolar covalent bond

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When a bond exists between two identical kids of atoms, the electrons are shared equally to produce a _______

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Electronegativity

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An atom with a greater _____ has a greater ability to attract shared electrons.

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Polar

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The greater the difference in electronegativity between two atoms that are covalently bonded, the more ____ is the bond with a greater inequity in electron sharing.

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Dipole

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A _____ is the unequal distribution of charge in a molecule because the polar covalent bonding.

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To the center

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A dipole can be represented by an arrow that points ______ of the negative charge.

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Atoms are represented by chemical symbols and bonds are represented by lines.

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There are many different ways to draw the structures of compounds. Most commonly, atoms are represented by ______ and bonds are represented by _____.

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covalent compound

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_____ generally form when a nonmetal reacts with another nonmetal.

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Ionic compound

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_____ are generally formed when a metal reacts with a nonmetal.

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Lewis dot structures

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Chemists use a shorhand way of keeping track of valence electrons called _____

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cation

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A chemical species with a net positive charge is called a _____

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an anon

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A negatively charged chemical species is called ______

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Electrostatic forces

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The powerful attractions between oppositely charged particles are called ______, which are responsible for the bonds of ionic compounds

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Metals

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One of the characteristics of ____ is that they tend to give up electrons easily, so under the right conditions, they lose electrons to form cations.

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lose

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When forming an ionic compound, metals in the first three families of the main group elements (Groups IA, IIA, and IIIA) _____ their valence electrons to become positively charged cations.

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gain

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The nonmetals tend to ___ electrons when reacting with metals to form an ionic compound.

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Noble gases

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_____ already have eight electrons in their outer shell (except for helium, with its filled duet). They therefore neither lose nor gain electrons readily, accounting for their reluctance to form compouns with other atoms.

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equally

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For most covalent bonds, the bonding electron pair is not shared _____

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Nonpolar

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Only when two atoms have identical electronegativity values is the resulting bond truly _____

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nonpolar

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If the difference in electronegativity is less than about 0.5, then the bond is considered ______.

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An ionic bond

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In practice, if the difference in electronegativity is greater than about 2.0 constitutes _____.

Chem 1020 – Everyday Chemistry – Iordanova Answers – Flashcards

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