Chem 102 Exam 1 – Flashcards
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| mass percent |
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| mass of component in soln/ total mass of soln times 100% |
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| Parts per million |
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| mass of component in soln/total mass of soln times 10^6 |
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| mole fraction |
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| moles of component/ total moles of all components |
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| molarity |
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| moles solute/ liters soln |
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| molality |
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| moles of solute/ kilograms of solvent |
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| saturated solution |
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| the solvent holds as much solute as possible at that temperature |
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| unsaturated solution |
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| less solute than can dissolve in the solvent at that temperature is dissolved in the solvent |
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| the solubility of liquids and solids _________________appreciably with pressure |
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| does not change |
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| Sg= |
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| kPg |
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| generally the solubility of solid solutes in liquid solvents |
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| increases with increasing temperature |
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| generally the solubility of gas solutes in liquid solvents |
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| decreases with increasing temperature |
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| Vapor pressure lowering (Raoult’s Law) |
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| because the nonvolatile solute occupies part of the surface, the number of solvent molecules that can escape from the surface is less -therefore, the vapor pressure of a solution is lower than that of the pure solvent |
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| BP elevation |
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| deltaTb= Kb times m (molality) |
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| FP depression |
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| deltaTf= Kf times m |
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| colloids |
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| suspensions in which the suspended particles are larger than individual ions or molecules, but too small to separate out of the suspension by gravity |
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| Tyndall effect |
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| -colloidal suspensions can scatter rays of light -ex. Sunlight in the mist |
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| Arrhenius equation |
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| k= Ae^-Ea/RT |
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| K> 1 |
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| products are favored |
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| -K> 1 |
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| reactants are favored |
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| Q>k |
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| net change is to the left until equilibrium is reached |
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| Q<k, |
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| net change is to the right until equilibrium is reached |
