Chapter Thirteen – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
What does chapter 13 cover?
answer
Therapy
question
What are the four types of therapies discussed in chapter 13?
answer
- Talk therapy - Behavior therapies - Biomedical Therapies - Psychotherapy in Perspective
question
Who are clinicians?
answer
- Clinical psychologists - psychiatrists - social workers - counselors
question
About how many Americans a year seek therapy?
answer
20 million Americans
question
Almost half of the 20 million americans who seek therapy a year, seek therapy for what?
answer
Anxiety or depression
question
What is the ratio of women/ men who seek counseling?
answer
- 2/3 are women - 1/3 are men
question
Are white members more likely to seek therapy treatment then other minorities?
answer
Yes
question
What are the three essential features of all therapies?
answer
- A suffer who seeks help - A trained, socially accepted healer - A series of contacts with the goal of changing attitudes, emotional status or behaviors
question
What are three types of talk therapy?
answer
- Psychoanalysis - Humanistic - cognitive
question
What researcher is known for psychoanalysis?
answer
Freud
question
What researcher is known for client-centered therapy?
answer
Rogers
question
What researcher is known for rational- emotive behavioral therapy?
answer
Ellis
question
What researcher is known for cognitive- behavior therapy?
answer
Beck
question
What are three types of behavior therapy?
answer
- Classical conditioning - operant conditioning - Observational learning
question
What are three types of biomedical therapy?
answer
- Psychopharmacology - Electroconvulsive Therapy - Psychosurgery
question
Psychotherapy
answer
any of a group of therapies used to treat psychological disorders and to improve psychological functioning and adjustment to life
question
Example of psychotherapy?
answer
Talk therapy
question
Psychoanalysis
answer
a type of psychodynamic therapy developed by Freud; intensive and prolonged technique for bringing unconscious conflicts into conscious awareness
question
In psychoanalysis what is analyzed?
answer
a person's psyche (mind)
question
According to psychoanalysis, abnormal behavior is caused by?
answer
unconscious conflicts among the parts of the psyche: id, ego and super ego
question
Free association
answer
in psychoanalysis, reporting whatever comes to mind without monitoring its contents
question
Dream analysis
answer
in psychoanalysis, interpretation of the underlying true meaning of dreams to reveal unconscious processes
question
The ego has strong defense mechanisms that block unconscious thoughts; the ego must be tricked to relax its guard by using? (5)
answer
- Free association - dream analysis - Analysis of resistance - Analysis of transference - Interpretation
question
Analysis of resistance
answer
in psychoanalysis, the inability or unwillingness of a patient to discuss or reveal certain memories, thoughts, motives, or experiences
question
Analysis of transference
answer
in psychoanalysis, the process by which a client attaches (transfers) to a therapist feelings formerly held toward some significant person who figured in a past emotional conflict
question
Interpretation
answer
a psychoanalyst's explanation of a patient's free associations, dreams, resistance, and transference; more generally, any statement by a therapist that presents a patient's problem in a new way
question
Critics on Psychoanalysis
answer
Interpretations are hard to refute because they cannot be proven or dis-proven
question
Examples of critics of psychoanalysis? (2)
answer
- Takes lots of time - Can be very expensive
question
Humanistic therapy
answer
a type of therapy that emphasizes maximizing a client's inherent capacity for self-actualization and focusing on obstacles that block personal growth and potential
question
Humanistic therapy assumes what?
answer
Assumes disorder is disruption of normal growth potential and self concept
question
How is the Humanistic Approach Different from Psychoanalysis? (5)
answer
- More interested in the present and the future, not the past - Focus on conscious thoughts, not unconscious thoughts - Taking immediate responsibility for feelings and actions, not focused on uncovering hidden determinants - Promoting growth rather than curing illness - clients not patterns
question
Humanistic therapy is what type of therapy?
answer
Person-Centered Therapy (or Client-Centered)
question
humanistic therapy developed by?
answer
Carl Rodgers
question
Humanistic therapy emphasizes? (2)
answer
- emphasizes the client's natural tendency to become healthy and productive - Emphasizes the importance of unconditional positive regard
question
What type of techniques do you use in humanistic therapy?
answer
therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients' growth
question
Empathy
answer
in Rogerian terms, an insightful awareness and ability to share another's inner experience
question
Active listening
answer
empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies
question
Supporters offer evidence of the ___________ of client-centered therapy
answer
effectiveness
question
Critics argue that outcomes of self-actualization and self-awareness are?
answer
difficult to test
question
Cognitive therapy
answer
a type of therapy that treats problem behaviors and mental processes by focusing on faulty thought processes and beliefs
question
Negative self-talk
answer
the unrealistic things a person tells himself
question
Can changing irrational thoughts make you feel better about your body?
answer
Changing a patient's irrational thoughts results in fewer negative thoughts about their bodies (Bhatnagar et al., 2013)
question
Cognitive Therapy does what? (3)
answer
- teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting - based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions - challenges unhelpful thinking
question
What are the three kinds of cognitive therapy?
answer
- Ellis Rational- Emotional behavioral therapy - Beck's cognitive theory - Second-wave cognitive behavioral therapies
question
Cognitive Views of Abnormal Behavior?
answer
Disorders are caused or worsened by maladaptive thinking
question
Cognitive restructuring
answer
a process in cognitive therapy that is designed to change destructive thoughts or inappropriate interpretations
question
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies - strengths? (2)
answer
- Well supported by research - Cognitive therapies are highly effective for depression, anxiety, bulimia, anger management, addiction
question
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapies - criticisms? (2)
answer
- Role of cognition unclear (cause or effect?) - Unclear whether cognitive features, behavioral features, or combination are effective
question
Content of human thought must be understood in order for it to be?
answer
effective
question
Behavior therapy
answer
therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors
question
What does Behavior therapy identify?
answer
Identify maladaptive behaviors that occur and adaptive behaviors that are absent
question
Counterconditioning is based on?
answer
Classical conditioning
question
Counterconditioning
answer
procedure that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors
question
Counterconditioning includes?
answer
- systematic Desensitization - aversive conditioning
question
Systematic Desensitization is a type of?
answer
counterconditioning
question
Systematic Desensitization
answer
a behavioral therapy technique in which a client learns to prevent the arousal of anxiety by gradually confronting the feared stimulus while relaxed
question
Systematic Desensitization is affective in treating?
answer
Phobias, PTSD and asthma attacks
question
Aversive Conditioning
answer
type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior
question
Example of Aversive Conditioning
answer
nausea ---> alcohol
question
Aversive Conditioning is commonly used for?
answer
Sexual deviance, smoking, and self-mutilation
question
Flooding is a type of?
answer
type of behavioral therapy using classical conditioning.
question
How is flooding compared to Systematic Desensitization?
answer
a faster (yet less efficient and more traumatic) method of ridding fears when compared with systematic desensitization.
question
Modeling therapy
answer
a type of therapy characterized by watching and imitating models that demonstrate desirable behaviors
question
Does simply watching other children play with dogs reduce dog phobias in young children?
answer
Researchers successfully treated 4- and 5-year-old children with severe dog phobia by asking them to first watch other children play with dogs and then to gradually approach and get physically closer to the dogs themselves (May et al., 2012)
question
Behavior therapy is recognized as one of the most effective treatments for?
answer
disorders, including phobias, OCD, eating disorders, sexual dysfunctions, autism, intellectual disorders and delinquency
question
What are the two criticisms of behavior therapy?
answer
- Generalizability - Ethics
question
Generalizability
answer
after treatment, patients won't continue to be reinforced, so newly acquired behaviors might disappear
question
Ethics
answer
critics claim it is unethical for someone to control another's behavior; behaviorists argue that rewards and punishment are already controlling behavior and that this treatment increases freedom
question
Biomedical Therapy: A Brain Approach (3)
answer
- Drug therapy - ECT - Psychosurgery
question
What are the four major categories of psychopharmacology?
answer
- Anti-anxiety - Antipsychotic - Mood stabilizer - Antidepressant
question
Anti-anxiety
answer
reduce anxiety and decrease overarousal in the brain
question
Antipsychotic
answer
diminish or eliminate hallucinations, delusions, withdrawal symptoms
question
Mood stabilizer
answer
treat the combination of manic episodes and depression in bipolar disorder
question
Antidepressant
answer
treat depression, some anxiety disorders, and certain eating disorders
question
Antipsychotic Drugs (2)
answer
- Thorazine (depresses responsiveness to irrelevant stimuli) - Clozapine
question
What does Thorazine do?
answer
depresses responsiveness to irrelevent stimuli
question
Antianxiety
answer
Depress central nervous system activity
question
Types of Antianxiety drugs? (2)
answer
Xanax and Ativan
question
Antidepressants need what type of drug?
answer
SSRI (selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors)
question
What are three types of antidepressant drugs?
answer
Prozac, Lexapro, Zoloft
question
Mood-Stabilizing Medication?
answer
Lithium
question
Lithium
answer
chemical that provides an effective drug therapy for the mood swings of bipolar disorders
question
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
answer
therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient
question
Psychosurgery
answer
surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior
question
Lobotomy
answer
now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients
question
Individual therapy
answer
One on one with therapist and client
question
Group therapy
answer
Therapist meets with several clients with similar problems simultaneously
question
Who leads group therapy?
answer
Therapist
question
What are three types of group therapy?
answer
- couples - family - self-help groups
question
Assessing group therapy (5)
answer
- Does not provide the same patient-therapist involvement level as individual therapy - Saves therapists' time - Saves clients' money - Often just as effective - Allows people to discover that others have similar problems, and they can receive group feedback as they try new behaviors
question
Family therapy treats family as a?
answer
system
question
Family therapy encourages family members to?
answer
encourages family members toward positive relationships and improved communication
question
views an individual's unwanted behaviors as?
answer
influenced by or directed at other family members
question
Treatments for psychological disorders are classified into 3 categories?
answer
- Talk - Behavior - Biomedical
question
Preferred treatment depends on? (2)
answer
- The disorder - The psychologist's viewpoint
question
Today, many mental health advocates believe that lots of psychological disorders can be prevented through? (2)
answer
- Changing dysfunctional, oppressive, self-esteem destroying environments - Creating supportive, nurturing environments aimed at individual growth and self-confidence
