Chapter 9 World Civ – Flashcards
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In Chinese texts, the man known to the west as Confucius is known by what title?
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The Master
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The fundamental relationship pattern identified by Confucius was that of
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parent and child
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What one word did Confucius feel encapsulated all of his teachings?
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reciprocity
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For Confucius, the Duke of Zhao was an excellent example of
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a junzi
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What purpose does Li serve for Confucius?
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Rituals to make decorum second nature
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Mencius compared human nature to what to illustrate his belief that humans were inclined to good?
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water
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Mencius believed that the primary function of a ruler was to encourage age appropriate behavior, according to rank, in his subjects; this belief is summarized in the term
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yi
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According to Confucianism, one of the ways people could be motivated to better behavior was to offer them
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models of good rulers
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Legalism was based on the ideas about human nature established by
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Xunzi
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Han Fei and Li Si created a political system in which all in the state were subject to the will of
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the ruler
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According to the Daode Jing, an effective ruler is one who rules naturally by
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non-action
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The Qin state's wealth was based on
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agricultural surplus
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In 256 B.C.E., what state conquered the Zhou and built China's first empire?
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Qin
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One of the achievements of the founding of the Qin Empire was to introduce Chinese rule into what region?
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Vietnam
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Qin Shi Huangdi chose whom to be his chief minister, thereby selecting Legalism as his state's main philosophical system?
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Li Si
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What punishment might befall a scholar or philosopher who disagreed with the emperor Shi Huangdi?
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buried alive
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One of the ways Shi Huangdi and his advisers managed the message put out by the state was to
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burn all unapproved books
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Li Si was executed in 208 B.C.E. attempting to flee a rebellion caused by what action?
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His concealing the death of Shi Huangdi
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The founder of the Han Dynasty, Liu Bang, was unusual among China's rulers becuase he was
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a peasant
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One of the Han Wudi's concerns was to suppress the Xiongnu and other nomadic peoples where?
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along the Silk Road
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As part of Han Wudi's plan to Sinicize nomadic and Central Asian peoples, the Chinese encouraged these people to adopt
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the Chinese writing system
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The Red Eyebrow revolt against Wang Mang was led by a secret ________ society
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Daoist
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After the Red Eyebrow revolt, the Han moved the capital of China to
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Luoyang
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Productivity of agricultural lands was reduced in the later Han when what happened to peasant labor?
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Increased labor obligation for corvee projects
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Centralization during the post-Han Three Kingdoms period was hampered by the tendency of the internal economy to become more
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centralized at the expense of regional markets
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What piece of military technology helped the Toba build the Northern Wei state?
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stirrup
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One of the most ambitious construction projects undertaken by the Sui Dynasty was the completion of the Grand Canal, which linked what two bodies of water in China?
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Yellow River and the Yangzi River
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Among the many luxury goods produced in Tang China was a kind of porcelain known in most other places as
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China
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Second century C.E. China mass-produced silk using looms powered by human labor and
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water
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The Han Dynasty viewed which social class as particularly dangerous and problematic?
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merchants
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One of the most important industries in China was the production of salt, which used natural gas in a process to extract the salt from
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salt-water brine
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The heaviest tax burden fell on what region of Han and Tang China?
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the north
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Although the Chinese produced many luxury goods that were coveted around the world, the good with which they were universally identified was
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silk
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In 1138 C.E., the first founding hospitals were built in Song China to deal with what particular problem?
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Unwanted daughters
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Most daughters in China could only hope to be taught to read if they
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joined a Buddhist monastery
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The Han synthesis of Confucianism, Legalism, and Daoism led to China's developing what practice in direct contradiction of Confucius's original ideas?
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hereditary rule
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Sima Tan and Sima Qian gained prominence in Han China in what profession?
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history writing
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Buddhist texts were initially translated into Chinese using terms borrowed from
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Daoism
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Fa Xian and Yuan Zang were both responsible for spreading what into China?
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Buddhism
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In 134 C.E., Zhang Heng developed the first functional
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earthquake detector
