Home Page Social Science Psychology Clinical Psychology Chapter 9 Psychology 118 Lifespan - Flashcards

Chapter 9 Psychology 118 Lifespan – Flashcards

Brenda Gannon

7 July 2022

question

Follow-up research on concrete operational thought shows that when children of the same age are tested, those _____________ do better on transitive inference problems. (Page 236)

answer

Who have been in school longer.

question

Which of the following statements about cooperative learning is true? (Page 251)

answer

Western children who are trained in cooperative learning give clearer explanations and enjoy learning more than children who lack such training.

question

Adoption research confirms that (Page 246)

answer

Heredity and environment contributes jointly to IQ.

question

The most effective treatment approach for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (Page 239)

answer

Combines medication with interventions that model and reinforce appropriate academic and social behavior.

question

According to Sternberg, (Page 244)

answer

Mental tests can easily underestimate, and even overlook, the intellectual strengths of some children, especially ethnic minorities.

question

Compared with Piaget's theory, Case's neo-Piagetian theory ______________ cognitive development. (Page 236)

answer

Better accounts for unevenness in

question

Which of the following statements about traditional versus constructivist classrooms is true? (Page 250)

answer

Constructivist classrooms are associated with gains in critical thinking, greater social and moral maturity, and more positive attitudes toward school.

question

In inclusive classrooms, (Page 252)

answer

Students with learning difficulties learn alongside typical students in a regular educational setting.

question

Collections-stamps, coins, baseball cards-become more common in middle childhood because children develop (Page 234)

answer

Classification skills.

question

Teacher ratings of classroom disruptive behavior decline for children who (Page 233)

answer

Have more than 15 minutes of recess a day.

question

Research on bilingual development indicates that (Page 249)

answer

Children who are fluent in two languages tend to be advanced in cognitive flexibility.

question

In a series of studies, elementary school students were (Page 233)

answer

More attentive in the classroom after recess than before it.

question

Amber is an obese child. Children like Amber are (Page 229)

answer

Often stereotyped as lazy, sloppy, ugly, and stupid.

question

Davie, an African-American student, comes from a low-SES home. According to research on communication styles, which of the following questions is Davie's father likely to ask? (Page 246)

answer

"Did you hear your sister this morning?"

question

Which of the following children is "gifted" under the standard definition of "giftedness" based on intelligence test performance? (Page 254)

answer

Stephanie, whose IQ is 131

question

Which of the following individuals would score high on Gardner's interpersonal intelligence? (Page 245)

answer

Travis, who is skilled at discriminating complex inner feelings and has a strong awareness of his own strengths, weaknesses, and desires.

question

In first grade, Caleb began collecting baseball cards. Now that he's older, Caleb spends a great deal of time sorting his cards, arranging them by team, and putting them into albums. Which of Piaget's concepts is Caleb demonstrating? (Page 234)

answer

Classification

question

Roma's parents and teacher believe that she is a gifted student. In addition to an intelligence test, Roma will likely be given a test that assesses (Page 254)

answer

Divergent thinking

question

Mario is skilled at tackling difficult problems and coming up with novel solutions. When given a new task, Mario applies information-processing skills in exceptionally effective ways, making these skills automatic so that working memory is freed for more complex aspects of the situation. According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of successful intelligence, Mario would score high in _________ intelligence. (Page 243-244)

answer

Creative

question

Students typically get more encouragement from teachers. (Page 252)

answer

High-achieving

question

During middle childhood, children add about ____ inches in height and ____ pounds in weight each year. (Page 227)

answer

2 to 3; 5

question

Because African-American children often use a _________ style of communication, their narratives are usually longer and more complex than those of white children. (Page 249)

answer

Topic-associating

question

Stimulant medications, the most common treatment for ADHD, reduce activity level and improve attention, academic performance, and peer relations for about _____ percent of the children who take them. (Page 239)

answer

question

Compared to their peers, _________ are at higher risk for developing asthma. (Page 230)

answer

Boys

question

Dynamic assessment (Page 247)

answer

Consists of an adult introducing purposeful teaching in a testing situation to find out what the child can attain with social support.

question

Leo and Elaina are both 9 years old. Elaina is likely to outperform Leo in_________ (Page 231)

answer

Hopping

question

When describing an experience, Jeremy uses a short and simple narrative. He describes the experience from beginning to end. Jeremy is using a _________ style (Page 249)

answer

Topic-focused

question

Mr. Thompson, a forth-grade teacher, can help foster his students' understanding of mental activities by (Page 240)

answer

Encouraging students to share their points of view with peers.

question

Eleven-year old Sarah's performance on her state's standardized test is adversely affected by her worries that she, as an African-American student, is not expected to do well on the test. This anxiety she feels is known as __________ (Page 246-247)

answer

Stereotype threat

question

In Mr Yi's classroom, students participate in a wide range of challenging activities with him and their peers, with whom they jointly construct understandings. Mr Yi most likely teaches in a(n) ____________ classroom. (Page 251)

answer

Social-constructivist

question

Preschoolers and young school-age children are likely to _____ (Page 235)

answer

Include landmarks on the maps they draw

question

Students typically get more encouragement from teachers. (Page 252)

answer

High-achieving

question

Eating an evening meal with parents leads to a diet (Page 227)

answer

Higher in fruits, vegetables, grains, and milk products

question

Magnet schools offer (Page 253)

answer

The usual curriculum, plus an emphasis on a specific area of interest

question

Recent evidence indicates that ______ has/have much to do with mastery of Piagetian tasks. (Page 235)

answer

Specific cultural and school practices

question

Which of the following treatments is the most effective for overweight and obese children? (Page 229)

answer

A family-based intervention

question

When asked to sort cards with pictures that vary in both color and shape, children age 5 and older (Page 238)

answer

Can switch their basis of sorting from color to shape when asked to do so

question

According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of successful intelligence, _________ intelligence reminds us that culture influences perceived intelligence. (Page 244)

answer

Practical

question

Gains in ________ permit the transition to rule-oriented games. (Page 232)

answer

Perspective taking

question

During middle childhood, children's theory of mind becomes (Page 240)

answer

More elaborate

question

Widespread SES and ethnic segregation in U.S. schools consigns large numbers of low-SES minority students to (Page 252)

answer

A form of school-wide homogeneous grouping

question

Gardner's list of abilities has (Page 244)

answer

Yet to be firmly grounded in research

question

Children usually master uppercase letters before lowercase letters because (Page 231)

answer

Their horizontal and vertical motions are easier to control

question

Gains in ______ are evidenced by quicker and more accurate movements in dancing, tag, and soccer. (Page 230)

answer

Agility

question

Which of the following is Aiko, an elementary school student in Japan, likely to experience? (Page 255-256)

answer

A nationally mandated, high-quality curriculum

question

Which of the following children is the most likely to experience a higher rate of illness during the school year? (Page 230)

answer

Yvonne, a first grader

question

Although 9-year-old Vivian knows that she should reread a complicated passage in her science book to make sure she understands the information, she instead moves on to the next passage. What does this demonstrate about Vivian's thinking? (Page 240-241)

answer

Vivian has not yet mastered cognitive self-regulation

question

In international studies of reading, mathematics, and science achievement, children in the United States generally perform (Page 255)

answer

At or below the international average

question

Which of the following statements about intelligence tests is true? (Page 242)

answer

With individually administered tests, the examiner not only considers the child's answers but also observes the child's behavior.

question

Many gifted children and adolescents (Page 254)

answer

Are socially isolated

question

According to Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, interpersonal intelligence involves (Page 245)

answer

Knowledge of one's own inner strengths

question

Magnet schools (Page 253)

answer

Are voluntarily desegregated

question

In Mr. Spokerson's classroom, the teacher is the sole authority for knowledge, rules, and decision making. Students are relatively passive-listening, responding when called on, and completing teacher-assigned tasks. This is an example of a(n) __________ classroom. (Page 250)

answer

Traditional

question

Which of the following statements about asthma is true? (Page 230)

answer

Although heredity contributes, environmental factors are necessary to spark the illlness

question

Research on high-quality education in elementary school indicates that an optimum class size is no larger than _______ children. (Page 251)

answer

question

Rates of overweight increase with (Page 228)

answer

Age

question

In order to remember all of the state capitals, Andrew groups them by region. This is an example of which memory strategy? (Page 238)

answer

Organization

question

In Asian countries, where children often excel at both math reasoning and computation, use of _____ helps children grasp place value. (Page 242)

answer

The metric system

question

______ are diagnosed with ADHD about four times as often as _______

answer

Boys; girls

question

Children with ADHD typically score ______ other children in intelligence tests.

answer

Lower than

question

Because of their difficulty concentrating, children with ADHD___________

answer

Score 7 to 15 points lower than other children on intelligence tests

question

The most effective treatment approach for ADHD combines _________

answer

Medication with interventions that model and reinforce appropriate academic and social

question

ADHD is usually a lifelong disorder

answer

True

question

In an educational approach known as ___________, small groups of students work together to solve problems, compare ideas, and guide each other's understanding's of concepts

answer

Cooperative learning

question

The philosophy of Stacy's classroom is best described as traditional, in that the teacher is the sole authority for knowledge and decision making

answer

False

question

In social-constructivist classrooms, ____________

answer

Teachers and children are partners in learning

question

As noted in the video, Stacy makes it a point to teach the children ____________

answer

Through the example of other students in the room

question

Stacy applies the Piagetian educational principle of _____________ as she encourages her students to closely examine their samples of algae

answer

Discovery learning

question

One of major problems that Jacqueline sought to fix at the "old" Nettelhorst was overcrowding. Small class sizes are beneficial because

answer

Teachers spend less time on disciplining and more time teaching and giving individual attention.

question

Ethnic and SES segregation in U.S. schools leads to homogeneous grouping, in which low-SES, minority students decline in self-esteem and motivation.

answer

True

question

The establishment of __________ in urban areas decreases the impact of ethnic and SES segregation by attracting students from surrounding neighborhoods and more affluent parts of the city.

answer

Magnet schools

question

Quality after-school programs like those offered at Nettelhorst can help foster resilience.

answer

True

question

In recent years, the racial divide in American education has declined

answer

True

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question

Follow-up research on concrete operational thought shows that when children of the same age are tested, those _____________ do better on transitive inference problems. (Page 236)

answer

Who have been in school longer.

question

Which of the following statements about cooperative learning is true? (Page 251)

answer

Western children who are trained in cooperative learning give clearer explanations and enjoy learning more than children who lack such training.

question

Adoption research confirms that (Page 246)

answer

Heredity and environment contributes jointly to IQ.

question

The most effective treatment approach for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (Page 239)

answer

Combines medication with interventions that model and reinforce appropriate academic and social behavior.

question

According to Sternberg, (Page 244)

answer

Mental tests can easily underestimate, and even overlook, the intellectual strengths of some children, especially ethnic minorities.

question

Compared with Piaget's theory, Case's neo-Piagetian theory ______________ cognitive development. (Page 236)

answer

Better accounts for unevenness in

question

Which of the following statements about traditional versus constructivist classrooms is true? (Page 250)

answer

Constructivist classrooms are associated with gains in critical thinking, greater social and moral maturity, and more positive attitudes toward school.

question

In inclusive classrooms, (Page 252)

answer

Students with learning difficulties learn alongside typical students in a regular educational setting.

question

Collections-stamps, coins, baseball cards-become more common in middle childhood because children develop (Page 234)

answer

Classification skills.

question

Teacher ratings of classroom disruptive behavior decline for children who (Page 233)

answer

Have more than 15 minutes of recess a day.

question

Research on bilingual development indicates that (Page 249)

answer

Children who are fluent in two languages tend to be advanced in cognitive flexibility.

question

In a series of studies, elementary school students were (Page 233)

answer

More attentive in the classroom after recess than before it.

question

Amber is an obese child. Children like Amber are (Page 229)

answer

Often stereotyped as lazy, sloppy, ugly, and stupid.

question

Davie, an African-American student, comes from a low-SES home. According to research on communication styles, which of the following questions is Davie's father likely to ask? (Page 246)

answer

"Did you hear your sister this morning?"

question

Which of the following children is "gifted" under the standard definition of "giftedness" based on intelligence test performance? (Page 254)

answer

Stephanie, whose IQ is 131

question

Which of the following individuals would score high on Gardner's interpersonal intelligence? (Page 245)

answer

Travis, who is skilled at discriminating complex inner feelings and has a strong awareness of his own strengths, weaknesses, and desires.

question

answer

Classification

question

Roma's parents and teacher believe that she is a gifted student. In addition to an intelligence test, Roma will likely be given a test that assesses (Page 254)

answer

Divergent thinking

question

answer

Creative

question

Students typically get more encouragement from teachers. (Page 252)

answer

High-achieving

question

During middle childhood, children add about ____ inches in height and ____ pounds in weight each year. (Page 227)

answer

2 to 3; 5

question

Because African-American children often use a _________ style of communication, their narratives are usually longer and more complex than those of white children. (Page 249)

answer

Topic-associating

question

answer

question

Compared to their peers, _________ are at higher risk for developing asthma. (Page 230)

answer

Boys

question

Dynamic assessment (Page 247)

answer

Consists of an adult introducing purposeful teaching in a testing situation to find out what the child can attain with social support.

question

Leo and Elaina are both 9 years old. Elaina is likely to outperform Leo in_________ (Page 231)

answer

Hopping

question

When describing an experience, Jeremy uses a short and simple narrative. He describes the experience from beginning to end. Jeremy is using a _________ style (Page 249)

answer

Topic-focused

question

Mr. Thompson, a forth-grade teacher, can help foster his students' understanding of mental activities by (Page 240)

answer

Encouraging students to share their points of view with peers.

question

answer

Stereotype threat

question

answer

Social-constructivist

question

Preschoolers and young school-age children are likely to _____ (Page 235)

answer

Include landmarks on the maps they draw

question

Students typically get more encouragement from teachers. (Page 252)

answer

High-achieving

question

Eating an evening meal with parents leads to a diet (Page 227)

answer

Higher in fruits, vegetables, grains, and milk products

question

Magnet schools offer (Page 253)

answer

The usual curriculum, plus an emphasis on a specific area of interest

question

Recent evidence indicates that ______ has/have much to do with mastery of Piagetian tasks. (Page 235)

answer

Specific cultural and school practices

question

Which of the following treatments is the most effective for overweight and obese children? (Page 229)

answer

A family-based intervention

question

When asked to sort cards with pictures that vary in both color and shape, children age 5 and older (Page 238)

answer

Can switch their basis of sorting from color to shape when asked to do so

question

According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of successful intelligence, _________ intelligence reminds us that culture influences perceived intelligence. (Page 244)

answer

Practical

question

Gains in ________ permit the transition to rule-oriented games. (Page 232)

answer

Perspective taking

question

During middle childhood, children's theory of mind becomes (Page 240)

answer

More elaborate

question

Widespread SES and ethnic segregation in U.S. schools consigns large numbers of low-SES minority students to (Page 252)

answer

A form of school-wide homogeneous grouping

question

Gardner's list of abilities has (Page 244)

answer

Yet to be firmly grounded in research

question

Children usually master uppercase letters before lowercase letters because (Page 231)

answer

Their horizontal and vertical motions are easier to control

question

Gains in ______ are evidenced by quicker and more accurate movements in dancing, tag, and soccer. (Page 230)

answer

Agility

question

Which of the following is Aiko, an elementary school student in Japan, likely to experience? (Page 255-256)

answer

A nationally mandated, high-quality curriculum

question

Which of the following children is the most likely to experience a higher rate of illness during the school year? (Page 230)

answer

Yvonne, a first grader

question

answer

Vivian has not yet mastered cognitive self-regulation

question

In international studies of reading, mathematics, and science achievement, children in the United States generally perform (Page 255)

answer

At or below the international average

question

Which of the following statements about intelligence tests is true? (Page 242)

answer

With individually administered tests, the examiner not only considers the child's answers but also observes the child's behavior.

question

Many gifted children and adolescents (Page 254)

answer

Are socially isolated

question

According to Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, interpersonal intelligence involves (Page 245)

answer

Knowledge of one's own inner strengths

question

Magnet schools (Page 253)

answer

Are voluntarily desegregated

question

answer

Traditional

question

Which of the following statements about asthma is true? (Page 230)

answer

Although heredity contributes, environmental factors are necessary to spark the illlness

question

Research on high-quality education in elementary school indicates that an optimum class size is no larger than _______ children. (Page 251)

answer

question

Rates of overweight increase with (Page 228)

answer

Age

question

In order to remember all of the state capitals, Andrew groups them by region. This is an example of which memory strategy? (Page 238)

answer

Organization

question

In Asian countries, where children often excel at both math reasoning and computation, use of _____ helps children grasp place value. (Page 242)

answer

The metric system

question

______ are diagnosed with ADHD about four times as often as _______

answer

Boys; girls

question

Children with ADHD typically score ______ other children in intelligence tests.

answer

Lower than

question

Because of their difficulty concentrating, children with ADHD___________

answer

Score 7 to 15 points lower than other children on intelligence tests

question

The most effective treatment approach for ADHD combines _________

answer

Medication with interventions that model and reinforce appropriate academic and social

question

ADHD is usually a lifelong disorder

answer

True

question

In an educational approach known as ___________, small groups of students work together to solve problems, compare ideas, and guide each other's understanding's of concepts

answer

Cooperative learning

question

The philosophy of Stacy's classroom is best described as traditional, in that the teacher is the sole authority for knowledge and decision making

answer

False

question

In social-constructivist classrooms, ____________

answer

Teachers and children are partners in learning

question

As noted in the video, Stacy makes it a point to teach the children ____________

answer

Through the example of other students in the room

question

Stacy applies the Piagetian educational principle of _____________ as she encourages her students to closely examine their samples of algae

answer

Discovery learning

question

One of major problems that Jacqueline sought to fix at the "old" Nettelhorst was overcrowding. Small class sizes are beneficial because

answer

Teachers spend less time on disciplining and more time teaching and giving individual attention.

question

Ethnic and SES segregation in U.S. schools leads to homogeneous grouping, in which low-SES, minority students decline in self-esteem and motivation.

answer

True

question

The establishment of __________ in urban areas decreases the impact of ethnic and SES segregation by attracting students from surrounding neighborhoods and more affluent parts of the city.

answer

Magnet schools

question

Quality after-school programs like those offered at Nettelhorst can help foster resilience.

answer

True

question

In recent years, the racial divide in American education has declined

answer

True

Chapter 9 Psychology 118 Lifespan – Flashcards

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