Chapter 8 (Middle Childhood) – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Erik Erikson. He noted that during these years, the child "must forget past hopes and wishes, while his exuberant imagination is tamed and harnessed to the laws of im-personal things," and he becomes "ready to apply himself to given skills and tasks"
answer
industry versus inferiority,
question
Freud's term for middle childhood, during which children's emotional drives and psychosexual needs are quiet. Freud thought that sexual conflicts from earlier stages are only temporarily submerged, bursting forth again at puberty.
answer
latency,
question
which are their ideas about themselves—including their intelligence, personality, abilities, gender, and ethnic background.
answer
Self-Concept
question
___________ The tendency to assess one's abilities, achievements, social status, and other attributes by measuring them against those of other people, especially one's peers.
answer
social comparison
question
Repeated, systematic efforts to inflict harm through physical, verbal, or social attack on a weaker person.
answer
What are some charicteristics of bullying ?
question
A family that consists of a father, a mother, and their biological children under age 18.
answer
nuclear family
question
A family of three or more generations living in one household.
answer
extended family
question
Rejected by peers because of antagonistic, confrontational behavior.
answer
aggressive-rejected
question
Rejected by peers because of timid, and anxious behavior.
answer
withdrawn-rejected
question
The tendency to assess one's abilities, achievements, social status, and other attributes by measuring them against those of other people, especially one's peers.
answer
social comparison
question
Based in the research , which child is most likely to be a victim of bullying ?
answer
Unpopular Children
question
A family consisting of one man, several wives, and their children.
answer
polygamous family
question
A family that consists of only one par-ent and his or her biological children under age 18.
answer
single-parent family
question
The legal and genetic relationships among relatives living in the same home; includes nuclear family, ex-tended family, step family, and so on.
answer
what are the functions of a family
question
Although children in middle childhood eat, dress, and go to sleep without help, families furnish food, clothing, and shelter
answer
Physical necessities. (family function)
question
Families choose schools, help with homework, encourage education.
answer
These are prime Learning Years. (Family function)
question
Families give each child a way to shine. Especially if academic success is elusive, opportunities in sports, the arts, and so on are crucial.
answer
Self-respect (Family function)
question
Families foster friendships, via play dates, group activities, school choice, classroom support.
answer
Peer relationships (Family function)
question
Families provide protective, predictable routines within a home that is a safe haven for everyone.
answer
Harmony and stability (Family function)
question
The capacity to adapt well to signifi-cant adversity and to overcome seri-ous stress.
answer
resilience
question
Dynamic, positive adaptation to stress, and significant.
answer
factors contribute to resiliency
question
emphasizing rewards and punishments and is similar to preoperational thought in that it is egocentric; children seek pleasure and avoid pain rather than focusing on social concerns.
answer
preconventional moral reasoning
question
emphasizing social rules parallels concrete operational thought in that it relates to speci?c practices; children try to follow what parents, teachers, and friends do.
answer
conventional moral reasoning
question
emphasizing moral principles uses formal operational thought; people use logic, questioning "what is" in order to decide "what should be."
answer
Postconventional moral reasoning
question
not static: It may be evident at one age but not another.
answer
dynamic,
question
__________ to stress Ex: if a child escapes home problems via academic involvement and school friends
answer
positive adaptation
question
Some adversities are comparatively minor (large class size, poor vision) and some are major (victimization, neglect). Children cope with both, but only major coping is called
answer
signi?cant .
question
Preconventional Moral Reasoning Conventional Moral Reasoning Postconventional Moral Reasoning
answer
Kohlberg's Three Levels and Six Stages of Moral Reasoning
question
Might makes right Look out for number one Good girl and nice boy Law and order Social contract Universal ethical principles
answer
Kohlberg's Six Stages of Moral Reasoning
question
(a punishment-and-obedience orientation). The most important value is to maintain the appearance of obedience to authority, avoiding punishment while still advancing self-interest. Don't get caught!
answer
Might makes right
question
(an instrumental and relativist orientation). Each person tries to take care of his or her own needs. The reason to be nice to other people is so that they will be nice to you.
answer
Look out for number one
