Chapter 8 Learning Curve – Flashcards
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What entity did Congress create in 1816
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The Second Bank of the US
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Which gave then denied the right to vote to property-owning women?
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New Jersey
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In response to the House of Representatives' refusal to admit Missouri to the Union as a slave state, southern congressmen refused to admit which other area to join the Union as a free state?
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Maine
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What law was an early important piece of legislation that shaped the development of American religion in the United States?
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Bill for Establishing Religious Freedom-Made all churches equal before the law and granted direct financial support to none.
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What happened to the American banking system after the charter of the First Bank of the United States expired in 1811?
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States chartered a growing number of banks to provide capital.
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What were considered legitimate grounds for divorce before 1800?
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Abandonment
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In 1782, the Virginia assembly passed what kind of act, which allowed individual owners to free their slaves?
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A manumission act
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How did most state governments continue to support churches even as they endorsed the "free exercise of religion" in the early republic?
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They exempted church property and ministers from taxation.
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During the early nineteenth century, American merchants recruited members of rural households to manufacture goods for the market using what system?
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The outwork system
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Sentimentalism was a reaction to which cultural legacy?
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The Enlightenment
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What was a consequence of the New York Emancipation Act of 1799?
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It allowed slavery to continue until 1828.
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Why did women begin to displace men as public-school teachers beginning in the 1820s?
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They accepted lower pay than most men.
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Which advance in transportation was important to economic growth in the United States from about 1790 to 1810?
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Roads and turnpikes
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Who was considered the most successful writer of the new republic?
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Washington Irving
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Which country inspired African Americans in the United States with hope for an end to slavery in the early 1800s?
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Haiti
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How did republican principles change public support for churches in New England in the early republic?
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Taxes were used to support all churches, not just the Congregationalist church.
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What refers to the periodic expansion and contraction of production and employment inherent to a market economy?
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The business cycle- the periodic expanison and contraction of output
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Why explains why family size was dropping in the northern states?
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Young men were moving west, changing the gender balance in the northern states.
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What difference between New England and the southern states reflected state government spending priorities in the early 1800s?
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The degree of education among the populace
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Which sect, founded in Great Britain, migrated to America with Mother Ann Lee in the 1770s, leading to the establishment of communities in several states?
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Shakers
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Where did most American manufacturing in the early nineteenth century take place?
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At home
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Which group most closely embodied the concept of democratic republicanism in the first decades after American independence?
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The Middle Class
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How many states in the union had eliminated slavery by the year 1800?
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Five; the New England states of Vermont, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and Massachusetts
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Why did women get so involved in religious and charitable enterprises after 1800?
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They were largely excluded from other public roles.
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The most important episode of economic decline in the early nineteenth century is called the
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Panic of 1819
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Why were young men and women increasingly able to choose their own partners in the early republic?
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With smaller landholdings, yeomen fathers lost influence over their children.
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What impact did economic changes in the first three decades of the 1800s have on the colonization movement?
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The cotton boom increased the demand for slaves and doomed colonization.
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Why did Baptists oppose public support for religion in the new nation?
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They wanted to end the privileged status of the Anglican Church and level the playing field.
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What issue was a cause of the Panic of 1819?
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Poorly managed state banks
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Who wrote the "blue-back speller" that attempted to standardize vocabulary and grammar for the American people?
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Noah Webster
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Why did a group of northern congressmen desert the antislavery coalition and accept Henry Clay's Missouri Compromise in 1820?
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Southern opposition to the Tallmadge amendment was not wavering.
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During the Second Great Awakening, many evangelical ministers copied the "practical preaching" techniques of what eighteenth-century revivalist?
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George Whitefield
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One early success in solving transportation problems in the United States was the construction of the Lancaster Turnpike in 1794 in which state?
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Pennsylvania
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In Letters from an American Farmer (1782), St. Jean de Crèvecoeur praised the American people for what achievement?
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Creation of a new social order that rejected elitist practices
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How did the southern defense of slavery shift as a result of the proposal in the House of Representatives to ban slavery from Missouri?
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It becomes more extreme
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where were religious revivals most prominent?
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In newly settled western regions
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What was the name of the system in which states promoted corporate charters that promised benefits to the public good in the hopes of stimulating local commerce and economic development?
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The commonwealth system
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How did republicanism transform parenting for some couples?
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It encouraged them to teach self-control, responsibility, education, and independence to their children.
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What important compromise was formed in Congress in 1820 over the spread of slavery?
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The Missori Compromise
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Besides the Methodist Church, which other church experienced spectacular growth in membership during the Second Great Awakening?
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Baptist
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What phrase did slave planters like Thomas Jefferson use to justify slavery in the late 1700s?
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"Neccessary Evil"
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What was a consequence of the 1795 Massachusetts Mill Dam Act?
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The act overrode common law to safeguard the rights of mill owners at the expense of nearby landowners.
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How did Benjamin Rush argue that "republican women" could contribute to the growth of a strong republican society?
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By teaching their sons republican virtues
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The new republican ideal that encouraged individuals to marry as partners and friends was known as what?
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Companionate marriage
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Which republican-minded American argued that wives' role was to ensure their husband's "perseverance in the paths of rectitude"?
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Benjamin Rush
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Why did New England farmers become more dependent on the market in the early nineteenth century?
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Farmers increasingly focused on raising livestock for sale of their by-products.
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Born of the Romantic movement in Europe in the late 1700s, which cultural attitude celebrated emotion rather than reason as the best way to understand the experiences of life?
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Sentimentalism
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How did divorce laws change after 1800?
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Drunkenness was accepted as grounds for divorce.
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The "general ideas of Liberty and Equality" caused what social phenomenon in America, according to one visiting Polish aristocrat?
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Lack of respect for elders
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What was the goal of the American Colonization Society?
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To emancipate slaves and send African Americans to Africa
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What was one drawback of the new market economy in the early 1800s?
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Environmental pollution
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What percentage of men attended college in the early republic?
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Less than 1%
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What widespread aspect of the early republic contradicted the ideology of democratic republicanism?
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Restrictions on voting rights
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What law passed by Congress in the first two decades of the nineteenth century upheld slavery?
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A law preserving slavery in the District of Columbia
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What did southerners fear after New York congressman James Tallmadge proposed to admit Missouri as a state only if it banned slavery?
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That this was the first step toward the end of slavery
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What is Gabriel Prosser, an African American from Virginia, known for?
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Planning a mass slave rebellion
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How did family size change in the northern states during the early republic?
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It was dropping markedly
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The absence of a hereditary aristocracy encouraged Americans to condemn what aspect of society?
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Inherited status
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What was significant about the goods produced by New England farm families in the early 1800s?
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They were sold in distant markets and door-to-door in the United States by peddlers.
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Which group was most likely to practice authoritarian parenting during the early republic?
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Which group was most likely to practice authoritarian parenting during the early republic?
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What statement describes the concept of republican motherhood?
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A limited revision of traditional domestic roles for women
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What was the intention of the First Bank of the United States?
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To stimulate economic growth by granting commercial credit
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Born of the Romantic movement in Europe in the late 1700s, which cultural attitude celebrated emotion rather than reason as the best way to understand the experiences of life?
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Sentimentalism
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Why were education rates higher in New England than in other regions of the country during the early republic?
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Public schools were locally funded.
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In 1816, Richard Allen became the first bishop of the
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African Methodist Episcopal Church.
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In 1817, influential Americans who were worried about the impact of slavery and race on American society founded what group?
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The American Colonization Society
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Which region suffered the most environmental damage in the early 1800s?
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The Northeast
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Why did Thomas Jefferson write that the Missouri crisis was like "a fire-bell in the night"?
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He feared that slavery might destroy the American experiment in republicanism.
