Chapter 8.1
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What is the overall equation for photosynthesis?
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Light+CO2+H2O Sugar (C6H12O6) and Oz
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What is used and made in the light reactions?
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Used:light and water Made: O2, ATP, NADPH
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What is used and made in the calvin cycle?
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Used: CO2, ATP, and NADPH, Made: sugar
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What gets made in the light reactions and used in the calvin cycle?
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ATP and NADPH
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List the electromagnetic energy from shortest wavelength to the longest.
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Gamma, X-ray, UV, Visible Light, infrared, microwave, radio
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List the colors of light in the visible spectrum from shortest wavelength to longest.
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violet, blue, green, yellow, orange, red.
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What is a pigment?
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A substance that absorbs, reflects, of transmits light.
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What is a photosystem?
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A group of pigments, chlorophyll A and B and accessory pigments (xanophyll and carotene), that work together to absorb sunlight.
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What is the relationship between energy and wavelength?
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They are indirectly proportional, as wavelength increases energy decreases.
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What type of elcetromagnetic energy has the most energy? The least?
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Gamma(most energy);Radio(least energy)
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What color of light has the most energy? The least
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Violet (the most) Red (the least)
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What wavelengths of light are absorbed by Chlorophyll A? Reflected?
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420-440 (absorbed) 440- 600 (ish) reflected
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What wavelengths of light are absorbed by chlorophyll B?
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right around 460 Reflected? 480-600 (ish)
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What is chromatography?
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seperation technique
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What is solution?
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Homogenous mixture
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What is solvent?
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The substance that does the dissolving
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Solute?
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substance that gets dissolved
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What determines the rate and distance a pigment travels?
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The polarity of the pigment how well it dissolves in the solvent and the attraction of the pigment to the chromatography paper.
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Is chromatography paper polar or nonpolar? Is the solvent used in the lab polar or nonpolar?
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Polar; The solvent used in the lab is non-polar.
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Do polar or nonpolar pigments travel further? Why?
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Non-polar because they dissolve in the solvent and move with the solvent front up the chromatography paper.
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Which plant pigment is the most polar?
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Chlorophyll B Most non-polar? Carotene
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How do you calculate the RF value of a pigment?
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Solute (pigment) distance/ solvent front distance
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What is the range of possible RF values?
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0-1
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If the RF value is closer to 1 is the pigment polar or non-polar Why?
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Non-polar. The pigment dissolved in the nonpolar solvent and traveled with the solvent front.
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If the RF value is closer to 0 is the pigment polar or nonpolar Why?
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Polar. The pigment did not dissolve in the nonpolar solvent and therefore did not travel with the solvent front.
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Describe how the internal structures of the leaf are adapted to photosynthesis.
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Palisade layer collects sunlight. Vein transports water to leaf. Spongy mesophyll collects CO2.
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What structure prevents water loss from the leaf?
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Non-polar cuticle
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Which layer is very dense with cells and contains high amounts of chloroplast?
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Palisade layer
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What are the 3 main types of tissue in a leaf?
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Mesophyll, Epedermis, and veins (vascular tissue)
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Which layer contains no chloroplast?
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Upper epedermis
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What cells control the opening and closing of the stomata?
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Guard Cells. Do they have a chloroplast? Yes
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What cells are found in a vein? What do they transport?
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Xylem- water transport Pholem-sugar transport
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Which layer has numerous air spaces?
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Spongy Layer
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Describe the mesophyll.
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Region of the leaf between the upper and lower epedermis. Contains the palisade layer and spongy layer
