Chapter 7/8 – Flashcards
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The main immigration processing station in San Francisco was called ?
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The Angel Island
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The main goal of the Chinese Exclusion Act was to ?
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Decrease Chinese Immigration
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The main goal of the Americanization movement was to ?
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assimilate people of various cultures into a dominant culture.
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The row house was a new type of housing that conserved space by ?
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sharing side walls with other buildings
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Settlement houses were founded in the late 1800s by?
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social reformers
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The illegal use of political influence for personal gain is called?
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graft
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Tammany Hall was the name of?
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a New York City political machine
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An example of patronage would be?
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appointing a friend to a poltical position
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The Stalwarts were strong supporters of?
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the spoils system
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The Pendleton Civil Service Act required?
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appplicants for government jobs to pass examinations
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Which two countries sent about the same number of immigrants to the United States in 1890?
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...
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Which of the folllowing might be associated with the sharp decline in Chinese immigration in 1883-1884
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..Chinese Exclusion Act
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Which of the folllowing is true of the Gentlemen's Agreement?
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it decresed japanese immigration
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What was the orginal purpose of the row house ?
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to provide single-family homes for working class familes
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Which of the following was the main interest of the Social Gospel movement
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social reform
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Which of the following had some of the same goals as the Amercanization movement?
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settlement houses
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Which of the following does not describe a typical supporter of a poltical machine?
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opposed to immigration
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What is the main purpose of patronage?
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to reward one's supporters
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Which of the following is an example of graft?
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saying a project cost more than it did and keeping the difference for yourself.
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Who used the power of the presidency to clean up the New York Customs House but was unable to get support from Congress for civil service reform?
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Rutherford B. Hayes
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Which of the following issues prompted the assassination of President Garfield?
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civil service reform
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Which president changed his ideas on civil service reform when he gained the presidency?
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Chester A. Arthur
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Southern states sometimes used a grandfather clause to alllow them to?
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entitled to vote
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Daniel Burnham's plan for the city of Chicago emphasized?
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...
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Skyscrapers were made possible by the invention of?
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elevators and internal steel Skeletons
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All of the following became popular around the turn of the 20th century except?
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- amusement parks -bicycycling -tennis -baseball
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Jim Crow laws were laws that?
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to seperate white and black people in public and private facilities
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In the case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court ruled that
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-that the seperation of races in public accommodations was legal and did not violate the 14th Amendment.
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Which development lowered the price of newspapers to a penny a copy?
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printing press that printed on both sides of the paper
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Who expressed the belief that racism would end as blacks acquired practical work skills and proved their economic value to society?
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Booker T. Washignton
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The popularity of bicycling andd amusement parks reflected which trend of the 1900s?
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an interest in leisure activities.
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How did George Eastman contribute to an explosion in the popularity of photogaphy?
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Poltical Machine
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-organized group that controls city poltical party -give services to voters, businesses for poltical fiancial support -Machine organization: precinct captains, wards bosses,city bosses
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Patronage
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- government jobs to those who help canidate get elected -Civil Service (government administration)are all patronage jobs -Some appointees not qualified; some use position for personal gain -Reformers press for merit system of hiring for civil service
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James A. Garfield
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-independent presidential canidate , Ohio Congressman -gives patronage jobs to reformers;is shot and killed
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Pendleton Act
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-make appointments to government jobs based on based by the means of the merit system.
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Amercanization Movement
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-education program designed to help immigrants assimilate to American Culture -Schools and voluntary associations provided programs to teach immigrants skills needed for citzenship ex-English literacy and American history and government - But did'nt work because immigrants did not wish to abondon their tradition/culture
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Social Gospel Movement
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-preaches salvation through service to poor -many 19th century reformers responded to the call to help the urban poor.
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Ellis Island
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an island in New York Bay that was formerly the principal immigration station for the United States
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Nativism
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-finds foothold in labor movement, especially in West -overt favoritism toward native- born Americans - gave rise to anti-immigrant groups and led to a demand for immigration restrictions
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Gentlemen's Agreement
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Nativist fears extend to Japanes, most Asians in early 1900s -San Francisco segregates Japanese school children -Gentlemen's Agreement -Japan limits emigration in return repeals segregation.
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Louis Sullivan
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-designed the ten-strory Wainwright Building in St. Louis
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Daniel Burnham
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-designed a slender 285-foot tower in 1902
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George Eastman
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- develops light weight equipment , Studio processing -1888, indroduces kodak camera, easy to operate
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Segregation
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-racial segration laws seperate races in private, public places - became know as Jim Crow laws
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graft
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-the illegal use of poltical infleunce for personal gain -ex- by helping a person find work on a construction project for the city
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Civil Service
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- the nomilitary branches of government administration - jobs should go to the most qualified persons, reformers believed
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Chester A. Arthur
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-vice president - urges congress to pass civil service law
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Benjamin Harris
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-former Indiana Senator -campaign was fianced by large contributions from compaines that wanted tarifs even higher then they were
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tenement
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-a multifamily urban dwellling , usually over crowded and unsanitary
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Settlement house
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-community centers in slums, who help immigrants -run by colllege -educated women -provided educational, culture ,social services -send visiting nurses to the sick -help with personal job,fiancial problems
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Angel Island
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Immigration processing station in the San Francisco Bay for Asian immigrants.
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Chinese Exclusion Act
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-bans entry to most Chinese except stundents, teachers,merchants,tourists, and government officials
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Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute
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-founded in 1881 -led by Booker T. Washington, to equip African Americans with teaching diplomasand useful skills in the trades and agriculture
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Jim Crow laws
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- after a popular old minstrel song. - segregation
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Orville and Wilbur Wright
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- invented aiplanes
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W.E.B. Du Bois
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-first African American to get Harvard doctorate -disagreed with Washington's gradual approach
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Booker T. Washington
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-belives racism will end if blacks get labor skills -heads Tuskee Normal and Industrial Institute- university
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Boss Tweed
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- head of the Tammy Hall(New York City's powerful Democratic poltical machine -led the Tweed Ring (a group of corrupt polticians -Indicated of Fraud and Extortion
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Rutherford B. Hayes
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-Republican President -could not convince Congress to support reform -named independents to his cabinet -set up a commision to investigate the nation's custom house
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Grover Cleveland
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-as president tried to lower tarrif rates but the congress refused to support him
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Urbanization
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- the growth of cities -northwest and midwest
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Mass Transit
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-transportation system designed to move large numbers of people along fixed routes , enabled workers to go to and from jobs more easily
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Jane Addams
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-one of the most influntial member of the social gospel movement- founded Chicago's Hull House.
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Melting Pot
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- a mixture of people of different cultures and races who blended together by abondoning thier native culture
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Niagara Movement
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- founded by W.E.B. Du Bois in 1905 to promote the education of african americans in the liberal arts
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Poll Tax
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- an annual tax that formerly has to be paid in some southern states by anyone wishing to vote.
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Grand Father Clause
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-provision that exempts certain people from a law on the basis of previously existing circumstances - especially a clause formerly in some Southern States constituation that exempted whites from the strict voting requirements used to keep African Americans from the polls
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Ida B. Wells
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-born into slavery shortly before emancipation -moved to memphis in the early 1800s to work as a teacher(later became and editor of a local paper)
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Plessy v.Ferguson
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-1896 Plessy v. Ferguson- segregation legal in public places -Allows seperate but equal doctrine if provide equal service.
