Chapter 7 Vocab – Human Geography Malinowski – Flashcards
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accent
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A wat a language sounds or is pronounced in a particular location.
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Afro-Asiatic
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A large language family found primarily in North Africa and Southwest Asia.
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American Sign Language
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A language using hand gestures, primarily used by the deaf in the United States and Canada.
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creole
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A pidgin language that has been been adopted by a group of speakers as its primary tongue.
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cuneiform
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An ancient Mesopotamian form of writing made by pressing a reed into a tablet of wet clay.
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dialect
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Variations of sounds and vocabulary in a language among different places.
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Grimm's Law
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A theory attributed to Jakob Grimm that modern German and English experienced consonant shifts since ancient times.
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Gullah
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A creole language spoken on islands off the coast of South Carolina.
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idiom
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Language that is peculator to a certain group of people of a region; often used synonymously with dialect.
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Indo-European
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A large language family of hundreds of languages, including English.
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language
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A system of communication using sounds, gestures, marks, and signs.
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language convergence
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The process of two languages merging together.
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language divergence
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The process of languages splitting into two or more distinct languages.
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language extinction
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The point at which a language no longer has any active speakers.
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language family
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A collection of languages that have a common ancestor and a subdivided into smaller branches of related languages.
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language isolate
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A language that belongs to no known language family.
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lingua franca
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A language used in cross-cultural communication or trade.
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loan words
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Terms used in one language that have an origin in another language.
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Malayo-Polynesian
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A large language family of over 1,200 tongues spoken primarily in Southeast Asia and the South Pacific.
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Niger-Congo
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A large language family of over 1,400 languages spoken primarily in Africa.
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patois
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Generally, rural or provincial speech or a nonstandard form of a language.
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phonemes
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The sounds used a spoken language.
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pictographic writing
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A type of written speech in which small pictures are used for words.
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pidgin
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A simplified language that is used by people who speak different languages for common communications; usually not the primary language of anyone using it.
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proto-language
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The common ancestor of a family of modern languages.
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Received Pronunciation
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Considered to be the standard form of English, spoken in and around London and often used on British radio and television.
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Rosetta Stone
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A large stone discovered in 1799 with three languages inscribed on it. It eventually led to the deciphering the Egyptian hieroglyphs.
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runic alphabet
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An early alphabet used by Germanic speakers before the adoption of the Latin alphabet.
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Semitic
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The branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family that includes Arabic.
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Sino-Tibetan
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A large language family that includes various dialects of Chinese, including Mandarin.
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sprachbund
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A group of languages from different families of branches of a family that share grammatical or lexical similarities because of proximity.
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toponymy
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The study of the place of names.
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vernacular
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Local or isolated to a particular area. In the study of languages, words and phrases unique to a particular region.
