Chapter 7 Notes 11/04/14

using rules efficiency and practical results to determine human affairs

a society in which the past is thought to be the best guide for the present; tribal, peasant and feudal societies. The idea that the past is the best guide for how to live life today.

the widespread acceptance of rationality and the construction of social organization largely around this idea

a widespread acceptance of rationality and social organization that are built largely around this idea.

a sociologist who noticed the tradition was giving way to rationality. he concluded that capitalism was breaking the bonds of traditions. people who tried capitalism were impressed with its greater efficiently. The change to capitalism changed the way people thought about life.

a sociologist who noticed that capitalism thrived only in certain parts of Europe. He noted that capitalism flourished in Protestant countries, while Roman Catholic countries held on to tradition and were relatively untouched by capitalism. somehow religion holds the key.

an economic system characterized by the private ownership of the means of production the pursuit of profit, and market competition

Max Weber the Author of the book concluded that roman catholic doctrine emphasized the acceptance of present arrangements

believed that before birth, people are destined for either heaven or hell and they don't know their destiny until death. They transformed worldly success into a spiritual virtue.

a changed way of thinking among Protestants(God will give a sign to the elect) produced capitalism

who concluded that Protestantism produced rationality, which then paved the way for capitalism

who concluded that capitalism produced rationality

is a social system organized around specific goals and usually consisting of several interrelated groups or subsystems. Formal organizations are governed by clearly stated and enforced norms. Examples: Corporations, the Catholic Church, court systems, military organizations, and university administrations. The Student Senate is a formal organization - they have rules for what you have to do to be a part of the organization and what they intend to do as a group. McDonalds would also be a formal organization, there are rules for getting hired and their goal is to make money.

a formal organization with a hierarchy of authority and a clear division of labor; emphasis on impersonality of position and written rules, communications, and records. Bureaucracy is a management structure within a government or a company. Basically it's a way to manage operations. Usually it involves within large corporations or the government.Basically bureaucracy is a form of management of operations through departments, managers and people under them. It's formed to help better manage something, and the way you start a bureaucracy is appoint yourself the president, and start appointing people to different positions to do their particular thing

1. separate levels, with assignments flowing downward and accountably flowing upward. 2. a division of labor 3. written rules. 4. written communication and records. 5. impersonality and replaceability these five laws help bureaucracies reach their goals and grow and endure

the process by which ordinary aspects of life are rationalized and efficiency comes to rule them, including such things as food preparation. By George Ritzer to describe a sociological phenomenon that is happening in our society.

suppose that before being promoted, the university president taught in the history department. As a result, friends from the department may have direct access to him or her. if they wish to provide input (ranging from opinions about how to solve problems to personal grievances or even gossip), these individuals might be able to skip their chair person or even the dean of their college and go directly to the president.

an organization replacing old goals with new ones; also known as goal replacement for example in the text book it talks about how March of Dimes collected money by placing a handicapped child by cash register to come up with money and defeat Polio, then they accomplished that goal and started another one : Birth Defects.

take for example about the Mara situation in Spain, her brother had reported her dead so he could collect the family inheritance, so people believe that she was dead but she wasn't and people denied her such as her boyfriend couldn't marry her since no man can marry a dead women, because that's what bureaucrats say so sorry no license.

for example in the text book a local government wanted a building refurnished and their was a lack of communication of the other unit of government that wanted to demolished it.

Marks term for workers lack of connection to the product of their labor; caused by workers being assigned repetitive tasks on a small part of a product, this leads to a sense of powerlessness and normlessness; other use the term in the general sense of not feeling a part of something.

a major form of that resistance is forming primary groups at work. workers band together in informal setting such as lunch, around desks, or for a drink after work. There they give one another approval for jobs well done and express sympathy for the shared need to put up with cantankerous bosses, meaningless routines, and endless rules. they value each other flirt, laugh , tell jokes all to just have the sense of being individuals rather than mere cogs in machines.

People who are quit, and don't engage in organizations, because they only so many years unit retirement or keep their jobs because of seniority. They hate their job and shows that how they treat their fellow co workers and bosses.

a tongue in-cheek observation that the members of an organization are promoted for their accomplishments until they reach their level of incompetence; there they cease to be promoted, remaining at the level at which they can no longer do good work every employee will rise or get promoted to his or her level of incompetence. The Peter Principle is based on the notion that employees will get promoted as long as they are competent, but at some point will fail to get promoted beyond a certain job because it has become too challenging for them. Employees rise to their level of incompetence and stay there. Over time, every position in the hierarchy will be filled by someone who is not competent enough to carry out his or her new duties.

people who get promoted unit they reach their level of incompetence

groups made up of people who voluntarily organize on the basis of some mutual interest; also known as voluntary memberships and voluntary organization

1. they advance particular interests. For example, adults who are concerned about children's welfare volunteer for the scouts because they think kids are better off joining this group than hanging out on the street. In short, voluntary associations get things done, whether this means organizing a neighborhood crime watch or a local arts association 2. they offer people an identity. they give their members a feeling of belonging, and for many, a sense of doing something worthwhile. 3. they help maintain social order. like persuade to get out to vote or those that promote patriotism. 4. some voluntary groups mediate between the government and the individual. for example some groups provide a way for people to put pressure on lawmakers or to promote candidates for political office. 5. by providing training in organization skills, some groups help people climb the occupational ladder. 6. other groups help bring people into the political mainstream. Such as the NAACP 7. some voluntary associations pave the way for social change.

they join because they want to help fulfill the groups goals, help them politically or professionally, or look good on a college or job application or have crush in a group member. Within each organization, there is an inner-circle- Individuals who stand firmly behind the group's goals who actively promote the group, and who are committed to maintaining the organization.

key members who they become convinced that only they can be trusted to make the group's important decisions

Robert Michels' term for the tendency of formal organization to be dominated by a small, self perpetuating elite. Oligarchy means a system in which many are ruled by a few. People are excluded from leadership because they don't represent the inner circle's values, or, in some instances, their background or even the way they look. All groups tend toward oligarchy no matter how democratic or autocratic they are. This happens because of the importance of leadership, the fact that subgroups defend their interests, and individuals that are being led are passive.

organizing a workplace in such a way that it develops rather than impedes human potential means organizing it in a way that develops rather than impedes human potential. Functionalists would view humanizing the work setting as a means by which the corporate machine can run more smoothly and can recognize the importance of each of its members.

the values, norms, and other orientation that characterize corporate work settings describes and governs the ways a company's owners and employees think, feel and act. Your own business's culture may be based on beliefs spelled out in your mission statement. It could consist in part of a corporate symbol, like the rainbow-colored apple that symbolizes Apple Computer. Whatever shape it takes, your corporate culture plays a big role in determining how well your business will do.

compared forty seven companies that were rigidly bureaucratic with competitors of the same size that were more flexible and found that the more flexible companies are they more profitable they are.

one way to give workers more power is to establish work teams, small groups of workers who set goals and develop solutions to reach them. they can replaces bosses, set their own schedules and hire or fire workers.

some companies improve the work setting by offering onsite child care facilities. they will ease the strain on parents, since they can keep in touch with their children while at work.

point out that the term humanizing the work setting is camouflage for what is really going on.

they hold activities to build emotional integration singing a company song or climbing a mountain together.

workers and manger or two who met regularly to try to improve both working conditions and the company product.

preconceived ideas of what someone is like that lead the persons behaving in ways that match the stereotype. for example supervisors who see an intelligent worker would be promoted and the opposite to those who don't show act like the corporate leader.

these stereotypes and their powerful effects on workers remain hidden to everyone, even the bosses. what bosses and workers see is the surface: Workers who have superior performance and greater commitment to the company get promoted. -stereotypes of the traits that make for high-performance and under-performing workers.

47 percent of workers are women and 31 percent are minorities.

holds diversity workshops, sponsors gay dances, has paid for a corporate wide mammography program, and has opposed an amendment to the colorado constitution that would ban same- sex marriage. adopted the term Coor Care

using computer at work for personal purposes such as social networks

investigator use software programs that can recover not just ever note employees have written but also every web site they have visited and even every keystroke they have made