question

1. The first category,______, manifests ?? itself in a wide array of voluntary activities in the community.

answer

Community involvement pg 483

question

2. The second category of community involvement...

answer

Involves corporate philanthropy or business giving. pg 483

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3. Business giving is necessary to support what has been called...pg490

answer

The third sector

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4. Commonly referred to as non-profit organizations, they do not have the distribution of profits to shareholders as one of their major objectives. They exist to meet the needs of the public at large, a particular portion of the public, or the needs and interests of their own members...pg490

answer

Third sector

question

5. What is the first two sectors called? pg490

answer

Business and government receive support through taxes.

question

6. In addition to being profitable, obeying the law, and being ethical, a company may create a positive impact in the community by doing what two ways? pg483

answer

Donating the time and talents of its managers & employees,and making financial contributions.

question

7. There are 6 Standards of Excellence in Corporate Community Invovlement, they are...pg484

answer

Leadership, Strategy, Integration, Infrastructure, Performance Measurement, Communication, and Community Relationships

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8. What are the 3 benefits of employee volunteerism? pg 485

answer

Benefits to the: Employee, Corporation, and Community

question

9. Benefits of employee volunteerism: pg485

answer

Improve performance. Increase job satisfaction, attitude, and morale. Encourages teamwork. Promotes leadership and skill development. Improves communication between employees, and their supervisors, and across dept.

question

10. Corporate philanthropy involves primarily the giving of...pg485

answer

Financial resources

question

11. Community involvement focuses on... pg485

answer

Business-community relationship, especially the contribution of managerial and employee time and talent.

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12. Business stake in the community...pg485

answer

Zoning regulations, the threat of neighborhood, deterioration, corporate property taxes, the community tax base, and the availability of an adequately trained workforce.

question

13. Developing a community action program steps...pg486

answer

Knowing the community in which the business resides. Knowing the company's resources. Selecting projects to support. Monitoring projects.

question

14. Know the community: pg486

answer

Who lives in the community? What is its ethnic composition? What is its unemployment level? Are there inner-city problems or pockets of poverty? What are other organizations doing? What are the really pressing social needs of the area? What is the community morale?

question

15. Knowing the company's resources...pg487

answer

It is necessary to know what is availabe, to what extent it is available, on what terms it is available, and over what period of time it is available.

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16. Selecting projects to support...pg487

answer

The selection of community projects for company involvement grows out of the matching of community stakeholders' needs with company resources.

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17. It involves review and control. Follow-up is necessary to ensure that the projects are being executed according to plans and on schedule. Feedback from the various steps in the process provides the information management needs to monitor progress....pg487

answer

Monitoring projects

question

18. The word philanthropy comes from the Greek philien & anthropos they mean...pg487

answer

"to love," "mankind"

question

19. What is philanthropy means?

answer

A desire to help mankind as indicated by acts of charity; love of mankind.

question

20. What is the contemporary usage of the word "philanthropy?"...pg487

answer

"Business giving." Charitable, benevolent, or generous.

question

21. Transparency in corporate philanthropy..pg489

answer

Former Representative Paul Gilmor introduced legislation to require transparency b/c he had sat on corporate boards and observed executives distributing corporate assets to their pet charities while ignoring shareholders. Gillmor passed away in 2007, there is no real closure on the issue of corporate philanthropy transparency has been achieved.

question

22. The third sector includes...pg490

answer

Churches, museums, hospitals, libraries, private colleges & universities, and performing art groups.

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23. What are the motivations of corporate giving ?...pg490

answer

*Charitable*: community giving for which there is little or no expected benefit for the business. *Community Investment*: Gifts that support long-term strategic business goals while also meeting a critical community need. *Commercial*: Giving that benefits the business wherein the benefit is its primary motivation

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24. What are the four major categories of business giving distributed to?...pg490

answer

1) Health and human services. 2) Education. 3) Civic & community activities, and 4) Culture and arts

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25. Which category group receives small percentage of contributions from companies giving? pg491

answer

The environmental groups such as: the World Wildlife Fund, the Nature Conservatory, and Greenpeace. It does not mean that business is unconcerned about environmental issues but that its commitment to the environment is less likely to show up in corporate philanthropy and more likely to be found in daily operations.

question

26. Health and human services are critical to the welfare of a community, who are the major recipients in this category? pg491

answer

Hospitals, youth agencies, local health and welfare agencies.

question

27. Youth agencies include such groups as...pg491

answer

YMCA, YWCA, Boy Scouts, Girl Scouts, and Boys and Girls Clubs.

question

28. Who are the largest categories of business giving donated to federated drives ? pg491

answer

United Way

question

29. Corporate giving to education...pg491

answer

Most of the corporate contribution have gone to higher education: colleges and universities, but a growing percentage is going to K-12 programs. K-12 institutions feed into higher education and so strong preparation at those levels is critical to a strong professional pool down the road.

question

30. What is the dominant contributions in Civic and Community activities given to support? pg491

answer

Community improvement activities, environment and ecology, nonacademic research organization, and neighborhood renewal.

question

31. Firms are expected to make charitable donations when crises occur in the firm's ...pg493

answer

Community, the nation or the world at large

question

32. Two aspects of managing corporate philanthropy...pg493

answer

Base giving on business resources and capabilities to enhance philanthropic outcomes, and focus on philanthropy that will enhance corporate profitability and also make a difference in the community.

question

33. This approach is by which corporate giving and other philanthropic endeavors of a firm are designed in a way that best fits with the firm's mission, goals, or objectives....pg495

answer

Strategic philanthropy

question

34. This partnership occurs when a for-profit business enters into a cooperative arrangement with a nonprofit organization for their mutual advantage...

answer

Community partnerships

question

35. This term was coined by the American Express Co. In 1983 AEx Company agreed to contribute a penny to the restoration of the Statue of Liberty every time a customer used one of its credit cards to make a purchase...pg497

answer

Cause-related marketing

question

36. Business want to protect the communities in which they operate, keeping them healthy and environmentally sound...pg498

answer

Global philanthropy

question

37. It refers to the relocation of business processes to a different company....pg499

answer

Outsourcing

question

38. It refers to the relocation of business process to a different country.

answer

Offshore outsourcing or offshoring

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39. What are the reasons created by offshore outsourcing...

answer

New technologies such as high-speed data links and the Internet have made it easier to do white-collar work overseas, where labor is cheaper

question

40. What is the proceedure before the decision to close is made? pg501

answer

Diversification, New Ownership, Employee Ownership

question

41. What is a way of avoiding close-down of a company?

answer

Employee owned

question

42. After the decision to close a business is made, there are several actions that management can take including...pg504

answer

Conducting a community-impacts analysis; providing advance notice to the employees or community; providing transfer, relocation, and outplacement benefits; phasing out the business gradually; and helping the community attract replacement industry.

question

43. Identify realistically those aspects of the community that would be affected by the company's plans.

answer

Community-impact analysis

question

44. Community-Impact Analysis questions entails asking questions, to minimize the negative impacts of the community...pg504

answer

What groups will be affected? How will they be affected? What is the timing of initial and later effects? What is the magnitude of the effect? What is the duration of the impact? To what extent will the impact be diffused in the community?

question

45. Who are the forgotten stakeholders? pg506

answer

Managers who issued WARN notices found that they had an increase in health and sleep problems, feelings of depersonalization, and a greater intent to quit, with emotional exhaustion playing a role in their difficulties.

question

46. The most responsible for a business or plant closing situation is to provide employees...pg504

answer

Give them an Advance notice

question

47. It requires those firms employing 100 or more workers to provide 60 days' advance notice to employees before shutting down or conducting substantial layoffs is called...

answer

Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act (WARN)

question

48. How much is the penalty if a company failed to give employees adequate notice?

answer

$500 per day

question

49. What is the only acceptable reasons for a company not providing a 60-day notice?

answer

1. Action being taken by the employer, which, if successful, would have postponed or eliminated the need for layoffs. 2. unforeseen business circumstances that the employer could not reasonably have foreseen. 3. Natural disasters.

question

50. What is the communication expert, Hugh Braithwaite offers advice on communicating with employees being laid off?

answer

Be complete. Be consistent. Inform affected employees first. Inform retained employees.

question

51. Firms must attend to employees that survived the lay-offs if they are to emerge stronger after job cuts by providing them...pg506

answer

Provide employees: Emotional support; Directional support; Tactical support; Informational support.

question

52. the discipline that deals with moral duty and obligation. It can also be regarded as a set of moral principles or values...pg186

answer

Ethics

question

53. Concerned with morality and fairness in behavior, actions, and practices that take place within a business context...pg187

answer

Business ethics

question

54. Concerned with describing, characterizing, and studying the morality of a people, an organization, a culture, or a society. also compares and contrasts different moral codes, systems, practices, beliefs, and values...pg187

answer

Descriptive ethics

question

55. Concerned with supplying and justifying a *coherent* moral system of thinking and judging. Seeks to uncover, develop, and justify basic moral principles that are intended to guide behavior, actions and decisions..pg188

answer

Normative ethics

question

56. Three major CEP approaches ?? to business ethics...pg188

answer

Conventional approach; Principles approach; Ethical tests approach

question

57. Comparison of decision, behavior, or practice to prevailing norms of acceptability -Based on how common society today views business ethics -Based on ordinary, COMMON SENSE

answer

Conventional approach??

question

58. Based upon the use of ethics principles to direct behavior, actions, and policies

answer

Principles approach

question

59. Based on short, practical questions or "tests" to guide ethical decision making, behavior and practices...pg188

answer

Ethical tests approach

question

60. Based on how common society today views business ethics. Is also based on ordinary, common sense...pg188

answer

Conventional ??,???; approach to business ethics

question

61. It is an ethical principle based on the idea that the individual should seek to maximize his own self-interests as a legitimate factor and this belief is widely held in society.

answer

Ethical egoism

question

62. Four important ethics questions..194

answer

What is? What ought to be? How do we get from what is to what ought to be? What is our motivation in all this?

question

63. Three models of ethical management pg197

answer

Immoral management, Moral management, Amoral management.

question

64. Management motives are selfish, it cares only about its own or its company's gains, just make money, overcome legal barriers, and cut corners pg197

answer

Immoral Management

question

65. It focused on exploiting opportunities for corporate or personal gain, cut corners anywhere it appears useful. pg198

answer

Operating strategy of immoral management

question

66. The key operating question guiding immoral management is...pg198

answer

"Can we make money with this action, or behavior, regardless of what it takes?

question

67. It conform to highest standards of ethical behavior standards. Strives to operate at a level above what the law mandates...pg200

answer

Moral management

question

68. They live by sound ethical standards, seeking out only those economic opportunities that the organization or management can pursue within the confines of ethical boundaries...pg201

answer

Operating strategy of moral management

question

69. Its characterized by a conception of ethics as the driving force of an organization.

answer

Integrity strategy

question

70. Two Key Branches of Ethics

answer

1. Descriptive ethics (What is?) 2. Normative ethics (What ought to be?)

question

71. It is not just a middle position on a continuum between immoral and moral management. Conceptually it has been positioned between the other two, but it is different in nature and kind from both. pg 204

answer

Amoral management

question

72. There are two kinds of amoral management: pg204

answer

intentional and unintentional.

question

73. Concerned with good and bad or right and wrong behavior and practices that take place within a *business context*. (extra)

answer

Business ethics is...

question

74. Do not factor ethical considerations into their decisions, actions, and behaviors because they believe business activity resides outside the sphere to which moral judgments apply.

answer

Intentional Amoral Management

question

75. Is more focused on *obedience* to the law as its driving force... pg206

answer

Compliance Strategy

question

76. Do not think about business activity in ethical terms. These managers are simply casual about, careless about, or inattentive to the fact that their decisions and actions may have negative or deleterious effects on others. pg.204

answer

Unintentional Amoral Management

question

77. Kohlberg's level 1: Preconventional level is...pg210

answer

Focus on "Self." Stage 1: reaction to punishment. Stage 2: Seeking of rewards

question

78. Kohlberg's level 2: Conventional level is...pg211

answer

Focus on "Others." Stage 3: Good boy/Nice girl morality. Stage 4: Law and order morality.

question

79. Kohlberg's level 3: Postconventional level is...pg211

answer

Focus on "Humankind." Stage 5: Social-contract orientation. Stage 6: Universal ethical principle orientation

question

80. There is a general sequence of three levels (each with two stages) through which individuals evolve in learning to think or develop morally..pg 210

answer

Moral development

question

81. It refers to the ability to *perceive* that a web of competing economic relationships is, at the same time, a web of moral or ethical relationships...pg217

answer

Moral imagination

question

82. It refers to the *ability to discern *the relevance or nonrelevance of moral factors that are introduced into a decision-making situation...pg217

answer

Moral identification and ordering

question

83. It is the practical, decision *phase of moral judgment* and entails essential skills, such as coherence and consistency that have proved to be effective principles in other contexts...pg218

answer

Moral evaluation

question

84. It is an extension of a managerial aptitude that is present in practically all decision-making situations managers face.

answer

Tolerance of moral disagreement and ambiguity

question

85. What are the two stages at the pre-conventional level?

answer

1. reaction to punishment 2. seeking of rewards

question

86. What are the two stages at the conventional level

answer

3. good boy/nice girl morality 4. law and order morality

question

87. What are the two stages at the post-conventional level?

answer

5. social-contract orientation 6. universal ethical principle orientation

question

62B. Three key elements of making ethical judgments...pg191

answer

1. *Observe* the decision, action, or practice. 2. *Compare* the practice with prevailing norms of acceptability. 3. Must *recognize* that value judgments are being made.

question

89. The compliance strategy is pg206

answer

Lawyer driven and is oriented not toward ethics or integrity but more toward compliance with existing regulatory and criminal law.

question

90. This theory focuses on duties...pg227

answer

Deontological theories

question

91. This theory focuses on the consequences or results of the actions they produce...pg227

answer

Teleological theories

question

92. Theories focused on virtue...pg228

answer

Aretaic theories

question

93. The right act is the one that produced with greatest good for the greatest number...pg228

answer

Principle of utilitarianism

question

94. Act only in accordance with that maxim (rule of conduct ??) through which you can at the same time will that it become a universal law.

answer

Categorical imperative

question

95. Rights cannot simply be overridden by utility(???), but only by another, more basic or important right...pg229

answer

Principle of rights

question

96. It is the right to be left alone. It is the right to think and act free from coercion of others...pg230

answer

Negative right

question

97. It is right to something, such as the right to food, to health care, to clean air, to a certain standard of living, or to education...pg230

answer

Positive right

question

98. involves the fair treatment of each person...pg 230

answer

Principle of Justice

question

99. It refers to the distribution of benefits and burdens. pg231

answer

Distributive justice

question

100. It involves compensating someone for a past injustice.

answer

Compensatory justice

question

101. It refers to fair decision-making procedures, practices, or agreements. pg231

answer

Procedural justice or Ethical due process

question

102. Another ethical due process model which consists of 3 factors: Takes input from employees. Employees believe decisions were made and implemented appropriately Employees believe managers behave appropriately......pg231

answer

Process fairness

question

103. Each person has an equal right, basic liberties compatible with similar liberties for all others. Social and economic inequalities are arranged so that they are both reasonably expected to be everyone's advantage and attached to positions and offices open to all...pg232

answer

Rawls's principle of justice

question

104. It is a system of thought that is centered in the heart of the person, the manager, the employee, the competitor...pg233

answer

virtue ethics

question

105. It is an approach to ethical leadership and decision making based on the moral principle of serving others first...pg234

answer

Servant Leadership

question

106. Servant leadership behaviors and characteristics: Listening, Empathy, Healing.....

answer

Persuasion, Awareness, Foresight, Conceptualization, Commitment to the growth of people, Stewardship, Building community.

question

107. Do unto others as you would have them do unto you...pg235

answer

The Golden Rule

question

108. John c. Maxwell's Golden Rule... pg235

answer

1. Accepted by most people. 2. Easy to understand. 3. Win-win philosophy. 4. Acts as a compass when you need direction.

question

109. Individuals should act to further their self interest as long as it doesn't violate the law...pg236

answer

Self Conventionalist Ethic

question

110. If the full glare of examination by associates, friends, family, media, etc were to focus on your decision would you still remain comfortable with it? pg 236

answer

The Disclosure Rule

question

111. Virtue is embodied in what each individual finds meaningful. There are no universal or absolute moral principles. If it feels good, do.

answer

The Hedonistic Ethic

question

112. These "tests" are practical in orientation and do not require the depth of moral thinking that the principles do. pg237

answer

Ethical tests

question

113. The individual simply asks, "Does the action I am getting ready to take really make sense?" pg238

answer

Test of Common Sense

question

114. This test requires the individual to pose the question, "Is this action or decision I'm getting ready to take compatible with my concept of myself at my best?" pg238

answer

Test of One's Best Self

question

115. If you are about to engage in a questionable practice, you might pose the following questions: "How would I feel if others knew I was doing this? How would I feel if I knew that my decisions or actions were going to be featured on the national evening news tonight for all the world to see?

answer

Test of Making Something Public (Disclosure Rule)

question

116. To "expose your proposed action to others and get their thoughts on it. In other words, share your ethical quandary(??; ??), rather than keeping it to yourself. Someone else may say something of value that will help you in making your decision. pg239

answer

Test of Ventilation

question

117. When an idea is made 'purified' by a superior, accountant, or lawyer. The central question is, "Am I thinking this action is right just because someone else says it is?"This is one of the most common ethical errors people make, and people must constantly be reminded that they themselves ultimately will be held accountable if the action is indefensible. pg239

answer

Test of Purified Idea

question

118. This action may lead you to astray or toward the wrong course of action: greed, speed, laziness, or haziness??. All four of these factors represent temptations that, if succumbed to, might lead to unethical behavior. pg239

answer

Test of the Big Four

question

119. This test was provided by a judge on the Louisiana Court of Appeals. He argued that a manager's clearest signal that a dubious decision or action is going too far is when you simply gag at the prospect of carrying it out. pg239

answer

Gag Test

question

120. If several tests are used together, especially the more powerful ones, they do provide a means of examining proposed actions before engaging in them. pg239

answer

Use Several Tests Together

question

121. Sets the tone and direction for the entire ethics and compliance program function. pg255

answer

Code of Conduct

question

122. Reporting violations or "blowing the whistle" on wrongdoers. pg257

answer

Ethics "Hotlines" and Whistle-Blowing Mechanisms.

question

123. They are intended to carefully review such ethics initiatives as ethics programs, codes of conduct, hotlines, and ethics training programs. pg259

answer

Ethics audits

question

124. Helps to identify sustainability issues within an organization. pg259

answer

Sustainability audit

question

125. They are review processes designed to identify and monitor conditions and events that may have some bearing on the company's exposure to compliance/misconduct risk and to review company's methods for dealing with these concerns. pg259

answer

Fraud risk assessments

question

126. It refers to "totality of the means employed to provide objects necessary for human sustenance and comfort." pg270

answer

Technology

question

127. Technology also refers to... pg270

answer

All the ways people use their inventions and discoveries to satisfy their needs and desires.

question

128. How technology has benefited society? pg271

answer

1) It has increased society's production of goods/services. 2) It has reduced the amount of labor needed to produce goods/services. 3) Enabled greater production with a lesser amount of human labor, and made labor easier and safer. 4) Higher standards of living have been a direct result of laborsaving technology.

question

129. What are the main 4 side effects of technology? pg272

answer

1) Environment pollution 2) Depletion of natural resources 3)Issue of technological unemployment 4) Creation of unsatisfying jobs

question

130. The imperative that "what can be developed will be developed" pg273

answer

Technological determinism

question

131. Occurs when the speed of technological change far exceeds that of ethical development. pg273

answer

Ethical lag

question

132. There are 6 symptoms in "High Tech/High Touch"pg274

answer

1) We favor the quick fix. 2) We fear and worship technology. 3) We blur the distinction between what is real & what is false. 4) We accept violence as normal. 5) We love technology as a toy. 6) We live our lives distanced and distracted.

question

133. Symptoms of society's intoxication: We favor the quick fix; We fear and worship technology; We blur the distinction between what is real & what is false. We accept violence as normal, and... pg274

answer

We love technology as a toy; We live our lives distanced and distracted.

question

134. What are the two areas of technology that significantly touches business either directly or indirectly? pg274

answer

Information technology and biotechnology

question

135. What is the most significant technological phenomena of our day? pg275

answer

Electronic commerce

question

136. Electronic commerce referred to: pg275

answer

e-commerce, e-business, Web-based marketing

question

137. Along with the growth of electronic commerce, business ethics problems have arisen. One major category of problems is... pg275

answer

Online scams

question

138. Two broad areas of information technology:

answer

electronic commerce, computer technology in the workplace

question

139. Ongoing issues in e-commerce ethics include: Access, Privacy & informed consent and __, __, __ pg275

answer

Protection of children; Security of information; Trust

question

140. In e-commerce, is illustrated by the ethics of downloading music pg275

answer

Intellectual property

question

141. The novel(???) ways companies place cookies on our computers without informed consent and collect online information and merge it with offline information pg275

answer

Privacy and informed consent

question

142. E-commerce makes porn more accessible than traditional business. pg275

answer

Protection of children

question

143. It is a major issue that some are reluctant to do business on the Web for fear their credit card numbers will be intercepted by someone not associated with the e-commerce business. pg276

answer

Security

question

144. It is the basis for practically all business transactions, and it is especially crucial in e-commerce. pg276

answer

Trust

question

Steps to Develop a Community Action Program

answer

Know the community; Know the company's resources; Selecting projects; Monitoring projects.

question

146. Invasion of Privacy via Electronic Commerce. pg276

answer

Cookies & Spam

question

147. They are those little identification tags that Web sites drop on our personal computer hard drives so they can recognize repeat visitors the next time we visit. pg276

answer

Cookies

question

148. It is unsolicited commercial e-mail. pg276

answer

Spam

question

149. The primary responsibility is to keep a company out of trouble, whether in a court of law or in the court of public opinion. Developing Internet policies, helping companies avoid consumer litigation, creating methods of handling and resolving consumer complaints pg279

answer

Chief Privacy Officer (CPO)

question

150. A technique to gain personal information for the purpose of identity theft, usually by means of fraudulent e-mail

answer

Phishing

question

151. Attitudes toward the benefits of technology in the workplace indicated increasing appreciation, they said that technology.. Expands job-related knowledge Increase productivity during normal work hours, and __, __ pg282

answer

Improves communication with clients and customers. Relieves job stress.

question

152. The use of body measurements, such as eye scans, fingerprints, or palm prints for determining and confirming identity....pg285

answer

Biometrics

question

153. Other technology issues in the workplace...pg285

answer

Surveillance extends beyond companies monitoring e-mail and Internet usage. Other forms of surveillance including monitoring faxes, using video cameras, drug testing, doing online background checks, logging photocopies, and recording phone calls.

question

154. 3 Categories Questionable Business Practices pg280

answer

Web-based pornography; Internet gambling; Web-based downloading of music, movies, & books, etc

question

155. Surveillance: Companies electronically watching, monitoring, or checking up on employees __, __, __, __, __, etc pg282

answer

Causes stress -76% monitor web sites -Monitoring E-mail and internet usage --Easy due to inexpensive technologies --And required by Sarbanes-Oxley Act

question

156. It involves "using biology to discover, develop, manufacture, market and sell products and services." pg288

answer

Biotechnology

question

157. It has emerged that deals with the ethical issues embedded in the commercial use of biotechnology. pg288

answer

Bioethics

question

158. It involves elaborate protocols being established that ensure that certain classical worries, such as informed consent, are not violated. Focus more on procedures being followed than on ethical content of the decisions. pg289

answer

Procedurism

question

159. The expanded marketplace that includes all business transactions taking place throughout the world. Trade in goods, a much smaller trade in services, the international movement of labor, and globalization trend explode. pg300

answer

Transnational economy

question

160. Exporting, acting as licensor to a foreign company, establishing joint ventures with foreign companies outside the home country, and establishing or acquiring wholly owned business outside the home country. pg301

answer

Internationalization

question

161. Global economic integration of many formerly national economies into one global economy. pg301

answer

Globalization or Globalism

question

162. A trade agreement between North America that reduce tariffs, eliminate trade barriers, create a common market, and increase trade/investment.

answer

NAFTA North America Free Trade Agreement

question

163. The pain of NAFTA has been felt most in the midwest, where manufacturing jobs have been lost to Mexico and Canada, now are being lost to...pg303

answer

China

question

164. Strongly advocate open markets with private firms moving free across the globe....pg303

answer

Globalists

question

165. Protest the expansion and greed of corporate global enterprises. Believe globalization is responsible for the destruction of local environments and emerging economies, abuses of human rights, the undermining of local cultures, and the sovereignty of nation-states. pg303

answer

Antiglobalists

question

166. They operate with offices, factories, and headquarters in more than one country. pg304

answer

Multinational corporations (MNCs)

question

167. What is today's nature of MNCs? pg304

answer

Financial institutions, chemical companies, pharmaceutical companies, mfgs, and service firms represent the kinds of enterprises that may be found operating in the global business environment

question

168. It is characterized by a conception of ethics as the driving force of an organization. It provide common frame of reference and serve to unify different functions, lines of business, and employee groups. pg201

answer

Integrity strategy

question

169. The most serious danger approach where we pick and choose which source of norms we wish to use on the basis of what will justify our current actions or maximize our freedom. A theory that holds that there are no universally accepted ethical standards pg192

answer

Ethical relativism

question

170. Its aim is not procreation but rather the creation of a source of stem cells whose properties make them a possible source of replacement tissue for a wide range of degenerative diseases....pg291

answer

Therapeutic Cloning

question

171. The raw materials with which a human body is built.

answer

Embryonic stem cells

question

172. Characterized by child labor, low pay, poor working conditions, worker exploitation, and health and safety violations. pg314

answer

Sweatshops

question

173. It was designed to piggyback on the ISO8000 quality-auditing system of the International Standards Organization (ISO) initiative to improve sweatshop conditions was created by......pg315

answer

Social Accountability International (SAI)

question

174. This law allows foreign individuals to sue U.S. firms in U.S. courts for companies' actions abroad. pg317

answer

Alien Tork Claims Act (ATCA)

question

175. Bribe government officials and the giving of questionable political contributions. Kickbacks and protection money for police, free junkets(??) for government officials, secret price-fixing agreements, and insider dealing etc. pg318

answer

Corruption

question

176. It is a practice of offering something (usually money) in order to gain an illicit(???) advantage. pg319

answer

Bribery

question

177. A law passed by the U.S. Congress in 1977, prohibits U.S. firms from paying bribes to foreign officials. pg319

answer

Foreign Corrupt Practices Act

question

178. Payments to officials for the primary purpose of getting them to do whatever they are supposed to do anyway. ___ are intended to "smooth the way" for getting tasks accomplished and they are not illegal under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. pg319

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Grease payments

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179. A special-interest group founded in 1933 to fight against worldwide corruption. pg322

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Transparency International (TI)

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180. Defined 5 priorities in its fight against worldwide corruption in: pg322

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1) the private sector 2) politics 3) public contracting 4) international anti-corruption conventions 5) poverty and development

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181. TI has established two principles for business striving to root out corruptions: pg322

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The enterprise shall prohibit bribery in any form, whether direct or indirect. The enterprise shall commit to implementing a program to counter bribery

question

182. This position holds that the MNC should continue to follow its home country's ethical standards even while operating in another country. pg326

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Ethical Imperialism

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183. Ethical relativism

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Gray area in which you ethical principles are defined by the traditions of your society, your personal opinions, and the circumstances of the present moment.

question

184. A growing, recent movement against corruption as global trade and competition, free markets, and democracy have expanded over the past decades.

answer

Anticorruption movement

question

185. A 1984 industrial accident at a Union Carbide plant in India that killed more than 2,000 people, bringing into focus for multinational corporations the issue of differing safety standards in different parts of the world; legal issues related to the tragedy are still ongoing.

answer

Bhopal tragedy

question

186. Annual list published by transparency International that ranks countries in terms of the degree to which international companies with headquarters in those countries are likely to pay bribes to senior public officials in key emerging market economies pg323

answer

Bribe Payers Index (BPI)

question

187. Widely used code of conduct urging companies to, among other things, respect all stakeholders, contribute to social and environmental development, respect laws and conventions, and avoid illicit activities. pg 329

answer

Caux Roundtable Principles

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188. An annual list published by Transparency International that ranks countries by their perceived levels of corruption, as determined by expert assessments and opinion surveys.

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Corruption Perception Index (CPI)

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189. Ethical standards that transcend national boundaries. (transcultural values). pg328

answer

Hypernorms

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190. special-interest groups committed to halting the expansion of global capitalism and trade. pg329

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Widely used code of conduct covering human rights, labor standards, the environment, and anticorruption.

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191. The backlash against globalization was by ......pg 301

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special-interest groups committed to halting the expansion of global capitalism and trade.

question

192. Firms face two major underlying challenges or problems as they operate in a multinational environment. pg305

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1. achieving corporate legitimacy 2. fundamentally differing philosophies that may exist between the firm's home country and the host country.

question

193. Arguments in favor of permitting bribery include the following. pg319

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(1) they are necessary for profits in order to do business (2) everybody does it—it will happen anyway (3) it is an accepted practice in many countries— it is normal and expected and (4) bribes are forms of commissions, taxes, or compensation for conducting business between cultures.

question

194. Arguments frequently cited against giving bribes include the following. pg319

answer

(1) bribes are inherently wrong and cannot be accepted under any circumstances; (2) bribes are illegal in the United States and most developed nations and, therefore, unfair elsewhere; (3) one should not compromise her or his own beliefs; (4) managers should not deal with corrupt governments; (5) such demands, once started, never stop; (6) one should take a stand for honesty, morality, and ethics; (7) those receiving bribes are the only ones who benefit; (8) bribes create dependence on corrupt individuals and countries; and (9) bribes deceive stockholders and pass on costs to customers.

question

195. Was created to develop a global language about corruption and a coherent implementation strategy. pg324

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The UN Convention against Corruption (UNCAC)

question

196. Four major strategies or categories of action that could help MNCs conduct global business while maintaining an ethical sensitivity in their practices include.....pg328

answer

(1) global codes of conduct, (2) linking ethics with global strategy, (3) suspension of business activities in certain countries, and (4) ethical impact statements and audits.

question

197. It assesses the institutions and practices that citizens can use to hold their governments accountable to the public interest. This index does not measure corruption itself, but rather the opposite of corruption: the extent of citizens' ability to ensure their government is open and accountable. pg 323

answer

Public Integrity Index

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198. It was not intended to be a model code of conduct for global business, but a benchmark for companies wanting to develop their own world-class code. pg329

answer

Global Business Standards (GBS) Codex

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199. An attempt to assess the underlying moral justifications for corporate actions and the consequent results of those actions. The information derived from these actions would permit the MNCs to modify or change their business practices if the impact statement suggested that such changes would be necessary or desirable. pg333

answer

Ethical impact statements

question

200. Steps taken by the US & other major countries to address the issues of corruption & bribery include the...

answer

FCPA, the OECD Antibribery Convention, and the UNCAC.

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