Chapter 6 – Integumentary System – Flashcards
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What are the general functions of the skin and integumentary system?
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1. Protection 2. Regulation of Body Temperature 3. Communication 4. Excretion of Wastes 5. Vitamin D Production
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What is the major organ of the integumentary system?
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Skin
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____ membranes are found lining the nasal cavity, the oral cavity, respiratory tracts and digestive tracts.
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Mucous Membranes
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Pericardial, pleural, and peritoneal membranes are all examples of ____.
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Serous Membranes
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What is difference between serous and mucous membranes?
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Serous membranes secrete a watery fluid, while mucous membranes secrete a thicker, stickier fluid
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____ membranes form the inner linings of joints.
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Synovial Membranes
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What is another name for cutaneous membrane?
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The Skin
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The skin consists of what two layers?
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Epidermis and Dermis
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The deeper layer of skin is known as the ___.
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Dermis
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____ is the superficial layer of skin.
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Epidermis
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What is the subcutaneous layer?
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layer of connective tissue (adipose and LCT) that binds the skin to underlying structures.
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What is another name for the subcutaneous layer?
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Hypodermis
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List the layers of the epidermis start from the most superficial layer.
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Stratum Corneium Stratum Lucidum Stratum Granulosum Stratum Spinosum Stratum Basale
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Which layer of the epidermis contains the youngest cells?
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Stratum Basale
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Which layer of the epidermis contains the only cells capable of cellular division?
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Stratum Basale
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Which layer of the epidermis is only found in the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet?
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Stratum Lucidum
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Which layer of the epidermis contains melanocytes?
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Stratum Basale
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What are melanocytes?
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dark cells which secrete a dark pigment called melanin
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What is the function of melanin?
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to absorb ultraviolet light and protect us from sunburns
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Which layer of the epidermis consists of only dead cells that have been replaced by keratin?
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Stratum Corneum
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What is the function of the epidermis?
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Waterproofing and Protection
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Why do cells of the epidermis die as they are pushed closer to the surface?
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The cells get farther and farther away from their blood supply.
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Which layer of skin contains blood vessels?
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Dermis
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What type of tissue makes up the dermis?
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Connective Tissue
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How is the cellular division of the epidermis related to the amount of pressure the cells receive.
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More pressure equals higher rate of cellular division
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What are four items that affect the color of an individuals skin?
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Melanin Diet Chemicals Blood Vessels
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What is the function of the hypodermis?
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Insulation, Cushion, and Connecting the skin to underlying structures
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What is the function of keratin?
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Prevents underlying structures from drying out
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What accessory organ is responsible for producing goose flesh?
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Contraction of arrector pilli muscles
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Which accessory organ secretes sebum?
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Sebaceous Glands
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What is theh function of sebum?
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to moisturize the skin and keep the skin soft an pliable.
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What is another word for sebum?
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oil
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What is hair made of?
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dead epithelial cells
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Which layer of skin houses accessory organs?
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Dermis
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The active growing part of the hair is the ____
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root
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____ is a tube-like depression in which the hair grows.
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hair follicle
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____ are accessory organs that respond to elevated body temperatures
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sweat glands
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Which gland is usually associated with hair follicles?
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sebaceous glands
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____ is the portion of hair that extends away from the surface of the skin.
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shaft
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What causes hair color?
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Melanin and Trichosiderin (red)
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____ are protective coverings on the tips of the fingers and toes.
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nails
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Which sweat glands respond to body temperature?
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Eccrine Sweat Glands
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Which sweat glands function throughout and individuals entire life?
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Eccrine Sweat Glands
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Which sweat glands secrete a watery sweat?
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Eccrine Sweat Glands
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Which sweat glands are widely distribute all over the body?
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Eccrine Sweat Glands
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Which sweat glands respond to fear or stress?
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Apocrine Sweat Glands
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Which sweat glands start functioning after puberty?
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Apocrine Sweat Glands
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Which sweat glands secrete an oily sweat?
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Apocrine Sweat Gland
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Which sweat glands secrete a sweat that bacteria like to metabolize and produce strong odors?
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Apocrine Sweat Glands
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Which sweat glands are most numerous in the armpit and groin?
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Apocrine Sweat Glands
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Which receptor in the skin respond to pressure
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Pacinian Corpuscles
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Which receptor in the skin detect fine touch?
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Meissner's Corpuscles
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How does the skin regulate body temperature when the body is too hot?
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dialation of dermal blood vessels and sweating
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How does the skin regulate body temperature when the body is too cold?
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constriction of dermal blood vessels and apilli muscle contraction
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How does the skin protect the body?
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prevents loss of body fluids protects against physical damage and UV radiation protects against invasion of microorganisms
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How does the skin regulate body temperature?
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Insulation (hypodermis) Constriction or Dialation of dermal blood vessels Sweating or shivering
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What stimuli is detected by the skin and communicated to the brain?
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Temperature, Touch, Pain
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How does the skin secrete metabolic wastes?
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sweat glands release small amt of metabolic wastes
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When does the skin produce Vitamin D?
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when exposed to UV radiation
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What causes most skin cancers?
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UV radiation from the sun or tanning beds
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Why are light skinned people more likely to develop skin cancer?
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They have less melanin to absorb UV radiation
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Skin cancer that arises from the melanocytes is called ___.
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Cutaneous melanoma
