Chapter 6 Human Geography AP Key Concept #2 – Flashcards
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When was Christianity founded?
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4 BC - 30 AD
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When was Islam founded?
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6th century (700)
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When was Buddhism founded?
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5th century BC
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Who is the founder of Christianity?
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Jesus
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Who is the founder of Islam?
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Muhammad
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Who was the founder of Buddhism?
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Siddhartha Gautama
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What are the main beliefs of Catholicism?
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God conveys his grace to humanity via 7 sacraments
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What are the main beliefs of Orthodox?
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Accepts 7 sacraments but rejects Pope and doctrines
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What are the main beliefs of Protestantism?
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Salvation achieved thru direct communication with God and faith
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What are the main belief of Sunnis?
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Quran, and believe Abu Bakar should become Caliph (philosopher)
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What are the main belief of Shiites?
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Quran, and believe Ali should become Caliph. (relative of Muhammad)
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What is the main belief of Theravada?
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To become good Buddhist one must renounce worldly goods, and become monk
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What are the 3 things Mahayana emphasizes?
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Teaching, compassion, and helping others
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How is Hinduism's origins different than other universalizing religions?
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Didn't originate with a specific founder
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When did Hinduism originate?
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6th century BC
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Where did Hindu originate?
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India
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What 2 ancient peoples beliefs blended to form Hinduism?
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Aryans and Dravidians
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Give one explanation for the diffusion of Christianity. r
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relocation diffusion by missionaries from Palestine
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Give one explanation for the diffusion of Christianity. c
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contagious diffusion by daily contact between believers and non-believers
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Give one explanation for the diffusion of Christianity. h
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hierarchical diffusion thru acceptance by the emperor
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Give one way in which Islam spread. c
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conquering land in Palestine
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Give one way in which Islam spread. r
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relocation diffusion by missionaries in Sub-Saharan Africa, and SE Asia
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Give one way in which Islam spread. a
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Arab traders in Indonesia
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Give 2 reasons for the expansion of Buddhism
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missionaries in Ceylon, and merchant traders to China
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Give one example of cases in which religions have blended. c
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Christianity and African religions blended in Equatorial Guinea, Namibia, and other African countries
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Give one example of cases in which religions have blended. b
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Buddhism and Shintoism in Japan
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Give one example of cases in which religions have blended. h
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Hinduism, Islam, and Christianity in the Island of Mauritius
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How is Judaism's distribution very different from other ethnic religions?
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It's practiced in many countries not just place of origin
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What was the diaspora of Judaism?
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When Romans forced Jews out of the Mediterranean
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How were most Jews treated as they lived among other nationalities?
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Many Jews were persecuted and forced to live segregated
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What is the origin of the word ghetto?
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Neighborhood set up by law where Jews were required to live
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What is a pilgrimage?
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Journey for religious purposes to a place considered sacred
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Why are Buddhist holy sites important to them?
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They're located where 8 particular events happened in Buddha's life
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Where are most Buddhism holy sites located?
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NE India and S Nepal
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What is the most important holy city in Buddhism?
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Lumbini (Buddha's birthplace)
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What is the most important holy city in Islam religion?
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Makkah/Mecca (birth place of Muhammad)
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What is Ka'ba?
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a religious shrine in center of Mecca that has the black stone given to Muhammad by Gabriel
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What land features are important in Hinduism?
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rivers and coastlines
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What is special about Hindu shrines?
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they are developed by tradition not doctrine
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Why is Mt. Kailas important to Hindus?
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Siva lives there
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What is the most prominent feature of the calendar in an ethnic religion?
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the celebration of seasons - cycle of variation in climatic conditions for successful agriculture
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What is the principle purpose of the calendar in a universalizing religion?
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Commemorates the events in founder's life
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How is the Jewish calendar typical of the ethnic use of the calendar?
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Holidays are based on agricultural events as well
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What is the solstice?
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astronomical event that happens in June and December resulting in the longest and shortest days of the year
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Both Jews and Muslims use a lunar calendar. How are they used in a very different way?
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Jews insert an extra month every few years so that holidays fall at the same time. Islam stick to strict lunar calendar so holidays arrive at different seasons from generation to generation.
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How is the date of Easter related to physical geography through the calendar?
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the harvest of crops in S Europe, and the planting of new crops in N Europe and N America
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Why do different Christian branches celebrate Easter on different days?
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Protestants, and Catholics use Gregorian calendar while Orthodox uses Julian calendar
