Chapter 6 General Psychology – Flashcards

Fifteen-year-old Matt and his father are in an electronics store looking at video game systems. Matt gives his father a complete breakdown of the pros and cons of each of the different video game systems on display. According to research on encoding processes, Matt is able to accurately recall all this information because he ____. A. has shallowly processed this information B. has deeply processed this information C. has processed this information at an intermediate level D. used non-linguistic encoding processes

_____ states that memory storage involves three separate systems: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. A. The dual-code hypothesis B. Atkinson-Shiffrin theory C. Ebbinghaus' curve of forgetting D. Parallel distributed processing (PDP)

Information can last up to a lifetime in _____. A. sensory memory B. short-term memory C. long-term memory D. working memory

Although _____ is rich and detailed, we lose the information in it quickly unless we use certain strategies that transfer it into other memory systems. A. sensory memory B. selective memory C. long-term memory D. declarative memory

When you are asked to recall your first day of kindergarten, you rely on _____, whereas when you are asked to recall the name of a person you just met a few seconds ago, you rely on _____. A. sensory memory/long-term memory B. long-term memory/short-term or working memory C. long-term memory/procedural memory D. semantic memory/long-term memory

_____ refers to auditory sensory memory, whereas _____ refers to visual sensory memory. A. Iconic memory/echoic memory B. Declarative memory/nondeclarative memory C. Echoic memory/iconic memory D. Nondeclarative memory/declarative memory

Chunking involves _____. A. quickly scanning information for relevant details B. immediately forgetting relevant information C. using Miller's framework for memory retrieval D. reorganizing information that exceeds the 7 plus or minus 2 rule into smaller meaningful units

_____ memory involves the conscious recollection of facts and events whereas, _____ memory involves non-conscious knowledge derived from past experience. A. Explicit/implicit B. Implicit/explicit C. Short-term/long-term D. Long-term/short-term

According to Baddeley's view of the three components of working memory, the _____ acts like a supervisor who monitors which information deserves our attention and which we should ignore. A. visuospatial working memory B. central executive C. phonological loop D. amygdala

_____ includes the systems involved in procedural memory, classical conditioning, and priming. A. Explicit memory B. Implicit memory C. Episodic memory D. Semantic memory

Which of the following can be further subdivided into episodic and semantic memory? A. Sensory memory B. Implicit memory C. Explicit memory D. Working memory

Recollections of John's first family vacation to Disneyland are part of John's _____. A. implicit memory B. nondeclarative memory C. episodic memory D. procedural memory

In which subsystem of long-term memory is your knowledge of how to drive a car and how to ride a bike stored? A. Episodic memory B. Semantic memory C. Nondeclarative (implicit) memory D. Declarative (explicit) memory

Which of the following involves memory for skills? A. Semantic memory B. Working memory C. Procedural memory D. Schema

The hippocampus, the temporal lobes in the cerebral cortex, and other areas of the limbic system play a very important role in _____ memory. A. repressed B. implicit C. explicit D. sensory

Multiple choice exams involve testing a student's _____ abilities, whereas essay exams involve testing _____ abilities. A. episodic memory/semantic memory B. semantic memory/episodic memory C. recall/recognition D. recognition/recall

The memory of emotionally significant events that people often recall with more accuracy and vivid imagery than everyday events is known as _____. A. precognition B. working memory C. procedural memory D. flashbulb memory

Motivated forgetting and repressed memories are usually associated with what type of memories? A. Factual information from studying B. Traumatic memories C. Sensory memories D. Flashbulb memory

Proactive and retroactive interference are examples of _____. A. encoding failures B. storage failures C. retrieval failures D. brain damage

Which of the following occurs when material that was learned earlier disrupts the recall of material learned later? A. Elaboration B. Proactive interference C. Transference D. Motivated forgetting

_____ is a situation in which material that was learned later disrupts the retrieval of information that was learned earlier. A. Retroactive interference B. Motivated forgetting C. Transience D. Transference

The type of effortful retrieval associated with a person's feeling that he or she knows something (say, a word or a name) but cannot quite pull it out of memory is known as _____. A. decay phenomenon B. tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon C. retroactive interference D. proactive interference

A person suffering from retrograde amnesia will _____. A. lose past memories but be able to make new ones B. lose past memories and be unable to make new ones C. recall past memories but not be able to make new ones D. lose some past memories but have only the sporadic ability to make new memories