CHAPTER 6- dev psyc – Flashcards
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Piaget's term for the way infants think—by using their senses and motor skills—during the first period of cognitive development. Begins at birth and ends at about 24 months
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sensorimotor intelligence
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active and creative exploration using trial and error
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"little scientist"
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when infants copy behavior they noticed hours or days earlier
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deferred imitation
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the process of getting used to an object or event through repeated exposure to it. evidence of this is loss of interest
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habituation
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used to locate neurological responses to stimuli
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fMRI
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a perspective that compares human thinking processes, by analogy, to computer analysis of data, including sensory input, connections, stored memories, and output.
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information processing theory
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an opportunity for perfection and interaction that is offered by a person, place, or object in the environment
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affordance
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an experimental apparatus that gives an illusion of a sudden drop-off between one horizontal surface and another
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visual cliff
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perception that is primed to focus on movement and change
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dynamic perception
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a universal principle of infant perception, consisting of an innate attraction to other humans, which is evident in visual, auditory, tactile, and other prefences
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people preference
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a perceptual experience that is intended to help a person recollect an idea, a thing, or an experience, without testing whertehr the person remembers it at the moment
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reminder session
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unconscious or automatic memory that is usually stored via habits, emotional responses, routine procedures, and various sensations
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implicit memory
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memory that is easy to retreive on demand (as in a specific test), usually with words. most explicit memory involves consciously learned words, data, and concepts
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explicit memory
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: the high-pitched, simplified, and repetitive way adults speak to infants (called baby talk or motherese)
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child-directed speech
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the extended repetition of certain syllables, such as ba-ba-ba, that begins when babies are between 6 and 9 months old
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babbling
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A single word that is used to express a complete, meaningful thought
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holophrase
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A sudden increase in an infant's vocabulary, especially in the number of nouns, that begins at about 18 months of age.
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naming explosion
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includes all the devices by which words communicate meaning: sequence, prefixes, suffixes, intonation, loudness, verb forms, pronouns, negations, prepositions, and articles.
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grammar
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Chomsky's term for a hypothesized mental structure that enables humans to learn language, including the basic aspects of grammar, vocabulary, and intonation.
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language acquisition device
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Some aspects of language may be explained by one theory at one age and another theory at another age How language is learned depends on the age of the child as well as on the particular circumstances
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hybrid theory of language learning
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measures electrical activity in cortex
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EEG
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like MRI but requires injection of dye
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PET
