chapter 6 and 7 test review – Flashcards
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Thomas Edison
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patents the light bulb
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Andrew Carnegie
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steel tycoon from Scotland who believed wealthy had responsibility to give money away
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John D. Rockefeller
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head of Standard Oil, world's first billionaire
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Samuel Gompers
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formed American Federation of Labor (AFL) craft union
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Henry Flagler
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develops railroads along the eastern cost, including Florida
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sweatshop
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a small, hot, dirty workhouse
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entrepreneur
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a person who invests money in a business venture to make a profit
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monopoly
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complete control of a product or service
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mass production
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a system for turning out large numbers of products quickly and inexpensively
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Knights of Labor
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a labor union open to workers from any trade
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skyscrapers
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10 story or higher buildings
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Chinese Exclusion Act
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1882 law that prohibited the immigration of Chinese laborers
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mass culture
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similar cultural patterns across society
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Ellis Island
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important immigrant processing station in NY
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melting pot
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society in which people of different nationalities assimilate to form one culture
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Which invention made the building and use of skyscrapers feasible?
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elevators
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Why did most new immigrants live in cities?
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to be close to industrial jobs
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How did mass culture signify a change in American life?
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Americans became more alike in their purchasing
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What event resulted in the execution of 4 anarchists and the decline of the Knights of Labor?
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Haymarket Riot of 1886
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Which of these factors pulled immigrants to the US?
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potential employment
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Traditionally, immigrants had come to America for economic opportunity and ?
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religious freedom
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Which industry most spurred economic growth and innovation in related industries?
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railroads
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Most Mid-western cities were established near?
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water
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A cartel differs from a monopoly in that?
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businesses making the same product agree to limit production
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Travel accommodations for most immigrants to the US were?
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dirty, crowded and unhealthy
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How did Social Darwinist's view poverty?
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They felt assisting the poor would disrupt natural selection of the fittest
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As farms became mechanized, farmers?
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moved to urban areas
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What fields did significant technological innovation occur in the late 1800's?
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communications, building materials, and transportation
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Read a bar graph
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read a bar graph
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What was work life like for industrial workers in the late 1800's?
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low wages, long hours, unsafe working conditions
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In the late 1800's workers tolerated poor wages and working conditions because?
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they could be replaced easily by other workers
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Capitalism fueled industrialization by?
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encouraging entrepreneurs to establish businesses
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Rural - to -urban immigration was primarily motivated by?
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Steady employment
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Steel changed people's lives by making possible the construction of?
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skyscrapers
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What helped fuel economic growth by encouraging people to buy American goods?
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protective tariffs
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Which group of immigrants would have been least likely to encounter prejudice?
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Protestant
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the middle class life-style of the Gilded Age featured?
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a new emphasis on acquiring goods
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The Sherman Anti-Trust Act imposed limitations upon which group?
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large corporations
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Urban leaders counted on schools to?
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Americanize new immigrants
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Read a quote and find main idea
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find main idea
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read a quote and find his opinion
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find author's opinion
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Which innovation extended the number of hours in a day that Americans could work and play?
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electricity
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The federal government formed the Interstate Commerce Commission to oversee what?
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railroad operations across the nation
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Cartels, monopolies, trusts, and horizontal and vertical integration all share the goal of ?
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increasing profits
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Which labor leader began the American Federation of Labor?
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Samuel Gompers
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Which group of people made up the majority of immigrants to America before 1870?
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European Protestants
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How were Americans influenced by the growth of railroads during the 2nd industrial Revolution?
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Railroads created time zones, the growth of cities, and the first truly national market
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The first reliable streetcars where powered by?
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electricity
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Which system does one company control the businesses that make up all phases of a product's development?
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vertical integration
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Which union limited membership to skilled craftspeople and focused on economic reforms?
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American Federation of Labor
