Chapter 6.4 study guide- organic Chemistry/ macromolecules – Flashcards
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Describe organic and inorganic compounds. Be able to identify organic molecules?
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Organic compounds are made primarily of carbon. Each small organic molecule can be a unit of a large organic molecule called a macromolecule. Inorganic is compounds that do NOT contain carbon.
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Explain why carbon is important to living things?
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Most living things on Earth are made of carbon. Living things need carbon in order to live, grow, and reproduce.
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How many electrons are in carbons outer energy level?
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four
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How many bonds can carbon form with other Atoms? Why is it important?
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four. allows carbon to form many different chemical compounds.
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How can you account for the great number, size, and complexity of organic compounds?
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it can form 4 covalent bonds and it just keeps going
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What is a monomer?
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molecule that may bind chemically to other molecules to form a polymer
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What is a polymer?
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large molecule composed of many repeated subunits
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What is a macromolecule?
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very large molecule formed by joining smaller organic molecules together
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What are the four major categories of macromolecules?
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proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates
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What elements do carbohydrates consist of?
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carbon, hydrogen, and oxyden
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What is a monosaccharide? Give example.
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simplest form of carbohydrate. fructose and glucose
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What is a disaccharide? Give example.
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sucrose and lactose. 2 simple sugars put together to form a double ring structure.
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What is a polysaccharide? Give example.
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starch and glycogen. Polymeric carbohydrate structures, formed of repeating units.
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Why do cells contain both macromolecules and small carbon compounds?
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Cells need both these types of molecules for proper function?
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Explain the relationship between monomers and polymers, using polysaccharides as an example?
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Monomers are single units while polymers are monomers linked together.
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What is the function or job of carbohydrates?
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Are used by the body for energy and structural support
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List two examples of carbohydrates that plants and animals used to provide structural support?
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Cell walls, and exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans
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What elements are present in lipids?
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Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen
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What parts make up lipids?
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3 fatty acid chains and glycerol
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What is the function or job of a lipid?
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Serve as waxy coverings on plants, pigments, and steroids
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List and describe two types of fats?
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Saturated and unsaturated
