CHAPTER 6.3 Big Business and Labor – Flashcards
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III. BIG BUSINESS AND LABOR!
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III. BIG BUSINESS AND LABOR!
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CARNEGIE"S INNOVATIONS, SOCIAL DARWINISM, AND BUSINESS!
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CARNEGIE"S INNOVATIONS, SOCIAL DARWINISM, AND BUSINESS!
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Andrew Carnegie
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The rags to riches innovator and fierce competitor in the steel business.
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horizontal integration
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The merging of companies that make similar products.
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vertical integration
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Business strategy of buying out suppliers to gain control over the quality and costs of products (iron, coal, railroads).
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Social Darwinism
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Herbert Spencer's use of Darwin's theories to explain the evolution of human society. THIS theory justified the the efforts of millionaires and discouraged government interference in big business.
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natural selection
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Charles Darwin said that "THIS" enabled the best-suited people to survive and succeed.
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The industrialist who created the Standard Oil Company of Ohio.
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John D. Rockefeller
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A corporation that does nothing but buy out the stock of other companies.
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Holding Companies
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Tycoons like Rockefeller and Carnegie used ruthless business practices which earned them huge profits, but caused people to label them as THIS.
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Robber Barons
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The 1890 law that made it illegal to establish trusts that interfered with free trade.
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Sherman Antitrust Act 1890
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The business boom in the United States continued to bypass THIS region of the country which continued to suffer economic stagnation.
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the South
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Workers responded to business consolidation by Creating THESE.
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unions
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THIS union was an early labor union that that persuaded Congress to legalize an 8 hour workday for government workers in 1868.
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National Labor Union (NLU) They excluded African Americans
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African Americans workers formed THIS union in 1869.
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the Colored National Labor Union (CNLU)
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THIS union founded in 1869 and grew to one of the largest labor unions by the 1880s was led by Terrence Powderly but declined after a series of failed strikes.
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Knights of Labor
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The union organizer that helped create and then led the American Federation of Labor (AFL) 1886.
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Samuel Gompers
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Gompers used THESE two methods between labor and management to win higher wages and shorter workweeks.
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strikes and collective bargaining
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Labor leader of the first union of skilled and unskilled workers in one industry; the American Railway Union.
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Eugene V. Debs
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Organized in Chicago in 1905, a group of radical unionists and socialists known as Wobblies.
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Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)
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In 1877, workers for the Baltimore and Ohio railroad went out on strike. The strike was broken up when the railroad president persuaded HIM to bring in federal troops to end the strike.
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Rutherford B. Hayes
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Prominent organizer in the women's labor movement and the United Mine Workers of America, and a supporter of the Great Strike of 1877
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Mary Harris Jones ("Mother" Jones)
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Labor leaders were blamed when a bomb exploded at a demonstration 1n Chicago in 1886 killing several people. Four labor leaders were hanged even though no one knows who actually set off the bomb.
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Haymarket Affair
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In 1892, steel workers and Pinkerton Guards fought THIS battle near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, that left dead on both sides.
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Homestead
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A strike against THIS company in 1894, led by Eugene V. Debs and his American Railway Union turned violent where federal troops were called out to break the strike.
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Pullman Company
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More often than not, the government sided with the owners and against the unions. Courts used THIS Act against the workers. Despite the pressures of government action, unions continued to grow.
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Sherman Antitrust Act
