Chapter 5 World History – Flashcards
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fought Rome moving from Spain through Alps; met head on at Cannae in Italy but forced back to Carthage
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Hannibal
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influential on Rome; made it a city; togas; organization of army; overthrown by Romans
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Etruscans
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small farmers/merchants/craftspeople who wanted political and social equality with patricians
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Plebeians
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large landowners, ruling class
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Patricians
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leader is not a monarch and certain citizens given right to vote; established by Romans overthrowing Etruscans
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Republic
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duty, courage, discipline
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Roman virtues
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What was Rome especially skilled in?
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Military
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Rome had an extensive...?
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Road system
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What were Roman law and politics? (adjectives)
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Practical and effective
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first code of law; evolved into more sophisticated system of civil law
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Twelve Tables
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formed to handle cases
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Law of Nations
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Who served in the Roman Senate for life?
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300 Patricians
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Who migrated into Italy?
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Indo-Europeans
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Who made an alphabet, architecture, literature, and had a heavy influence in Sicily?
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Greeks
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Who made Rome a city, brought togas, and organized the army?
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Etruscans
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Who ran the government and led the army?
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Two Consuls
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Rome followed with conquest of Macedonia and Greece which allowed Rome to control all of the Mediterranean
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The Punic Wars
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government by three people with equal power
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Triumvirate
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Caesar defeated Pompey and became a ...
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Dictator
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He and Antony split up Rome which led conflicts; he defeated Rome; gave power to senate; first emperor
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Octavian
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He defeated Pompey and became dictator; enacted reforms; gave land to poor; expanded senate numbers
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Julius Caesar
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Who was Caesar assassinated by?
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Ute Brute
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Who was the Commander in Chief of the Army?
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Imperator
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Crassus=wealthy; Pompey and Caesar=military heros
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First Triumvirate
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When Crassus was killed, who gained power?
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Pompey
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Octavian, Antony, and Lepidus
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Second Triumvirate
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What the good emperor created; peace and prosperity that lasted nearly 100 years
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Pax Romana
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Under Octavian and formed by Augustus, how many legions were there? (Citizens were in this)
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28 legions; 5,000 troops in each
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What guard was to protect the emperor?
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Praetorian guard
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They wiped out three Roman legions and devastated Augustus
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Germans
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wall in northern Britain to keep invaders out
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Hadrian's Wall
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land estates; main farms
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Latifundia
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What languages were spoken in Italy by the area?
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Latin and Greek
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led slave rebellion; trapped and killed; famous gladiator
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Spartacus
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When were paterfamilias no longer in absolute control and women no longer had to have guardians?
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Second century
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Who could now sell, own, and inherit property in the second century?
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Upper-class women
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tutors, musicians, doctors, artists, artisans assistants, household workers, cooks, valets, waiters, cleaners, gardeners, built roads and public buildings
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Slaves
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overcrowded, noisy, busy, dirty, dangerous
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Roman streets
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Who tried to bring in Christianity and legalized it and also allowed Church leaders to rule/have authority over large areas of land?
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Constantine
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Who outlawed heresy and closed all pagan temples, which made Christianity the official religion?
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Theodosius
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What were Christians that were persecuted for their faith called?
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Martyrs
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Who brought order to the monastic movement, drew up plans for monasteries, and said all monks had to pray and do labor?
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St. Benedict
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their communal organization allowed monks to cope with the problems of the age while at the same time they became heroes of Christian civilization
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Monasteries
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Second to sack Rome, which marked the end of the Western empire
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Vandals
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a rapid increase in prices
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Inflation
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"New Rome" wit Roman glory, amphitheaters, forums, palaces, etc. Mainly used for defense
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Constantinople
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cause Roman economy to collapse in the third century, caused labor shortages
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Plague
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Christianity weakened Rome's military values Roman values declined because of infiltration of non-Italians lead poisoning caused mental problems plague slavery prevented technological advancement political system was not efficient for empire's size and vastness
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Roman Empire's decline
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His military power put him in ultimate authority, said new religion was Christianity, wage and price controls for inflation, forced people to stay in their jobs (heredity system)
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Diocletian
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extended Diocletian reforms, made Constantinople
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Constantine
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he divided the empire into four sections, each with its own ruler
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Diocletian
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Persian and Germans, Huns, Visigoths, Vandals
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Invaders of Rome
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After Marcus Aurelius's death, who ruled?
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Severans
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After the Severans lost their reign, who ruled?
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22 emperors
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trade and industry declined, farm production decreased, plague
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Marcus Aurelius's death
