question

A naturally occurring stimulus that leads to an involuntary (reflex) response is a/an:

answer

unconditioned stimulus.

question

Pavlov initially set out to study his dogs' ___________.

answer

digestive systems

question

Birds, who find their food by sight, will avoid any object or insect that simply looks like the one that made them sick. This is a result of:

answer

biological preparedness.

question

_________ is the disappearance or weakening of a learned response following the removal or absence of the unconditioned stimulus (in classical conditioning) or the removal of a reinforcer (in operant conditioning).

answer

Extinction

question

The cognitive perspective of classical conditioning involves:

answer

the mental activity of consciously expecting something else to occur.

question

In his classical conditioning experiment, Pavlov's dogs were conditioned to salivate when they:

answer

heard the sound of the metronome.

question

Changes such as an increase in height or the size of the brain are called:

answer

maturation.

question

_____ is learning new behavior by watching a model perform that behavior.

answer

Observational learning

question

Which of the following is one of Bandura's elements of observational learning?

answer

memory

question

Which psychologist is best known for working with children and a Bobo doll to study whether aggressive behavior is learned by watching others be aggressive?

answer

Albert Bandura

question

In a(n) ________, the occurrence of reinforcement is more predictable and therefore the individual being reinforced is more likely to adjust his response to the timing of the reinforcement.

answer

fixed interval schedule of reinforcement

question

Small steps in behavior that are reinforced, one after the other, to create a particular goal behavior are known as:

answer

successive approximations.

question

It is believed that animals revert eventually to instinctual behaviors when the new tasks they are learning have a strong association with:

answer

obtaining food

question

What are the two kinds of behavior that all organisms are capable of?

answer

involuntary and voluntary

question

The law of effect states if an action is followed by a pleasurable consequence, the action is likely to:

answer

be repeated.

question

Further studies that followed Köhler's work with chimpanzees:

answer

have found support for the concept of animal insight.

question

In Seligman's study on dogs, the dogs that were not conditioned to fear the tone:

answer

jumped over the fence when the shock started.

question

In his study of rats in mazes, Tolman concluded that the rats in the group that did not receive reinforcement for solving the maze had:

answer

learned the maze by wandering around in it and forming a cognitive map.

question

Learning that remains hidden until its application becomes useful is called:

answer

latent learning.

question

In Köhler's experiment, Sultan the chimp first used just one stick that was lying in his cage to rake the banana into the cage, and then he learned to fit two sticks together to reach a banana placed farther away. This was an example of:

answer

insight.

question

Whenever Vernon comes home too late on a Saturday night, his parents refuse to give him his weekly allowance. Vernon's parents are using what technique to modify his behavior?

answer

punishment by removal

question

A teacher has decided to give "caught being good" tickets to her students when they behave according to class rules. This teacher also rewards students with gold stars each time they improve their math speed. This teacher is using:

answer

operant conditioning.

question

In a later modification of the classic Bobo doll experiment, the children who had seena model beat up the doll and then get rewarded showed aggression toward the doll. Another group had seen the model get punished rather than rewarded. Which of the following statements is true about these other children?

answer

They did not beat up the doll until offered a reward to demonstrate what the model had done.

question

Carla was bitten by a dog when she was a toddler. She's older now, but still backs up in fear whenever a dog approaches her. This is an example of:

answer

conditioned emotional response.

question

After having many cavities fixed as a child, Kyle now has an active dislike of the dentist's drill. His tendency to become anxious when hearing a similar-sounding noise is termed:

answer

stimulus generalization.

question

After a lengthy period during which the UCS was not applied, Pavlov's dogs stopped responding to the metronome. If a weaker conditioned response to the metronome occurred at some point after this, it would be a demonstration of:

answer

spontaneous recovery.

question

This scientist conducted research to establish the theory known as cognitive perspective.

answer

Robert Rescorla

question

The response that is given to the conditioned stimulus is not usually quite as strong as the original unconditioned response, ______________.

answer

but it is essentially the same response

question

The learning/performance distinction is a kind of:

answer

latent learning.

question

The four elements of observational learning are attention, memory, ______, and ______.

answer

imitation; desire

question

Which of the following individuals believed that cognition was an important part of behavior?

answer

Martin Seligman

question

One of B. F. Skinner's famous experiments involved:

answer

teaching rats to learn how to obtain food.

question

The Brelands determined that most Skinnerian behaviorists made the false assumption that:

answer

all responses are equally able to be conditioned to any stimulus.

question

A behavior is more resistant to extinction if it is:

answer

partially reinforced.

question

A recent study suggests a link between spanking and:

answer

aggression in children.

question

If your professor gives pop quizzes, this is an example of:

answer

a variable interval schedule of reinforcement.

question

The term "extinction" may be misleading because:

answer

learning is relatively permanent, meaning things are not "unlearned."

question

Pavlov's dogs exhibited stimulus discrimination when they:

answer

did not demonstrate a conditioned response upon hearing ticking sounds similar to the metronome.

question

In order to increase reading among the students in her class, Mrs. Gomez, a second-grade teacher, has students record their reading by placing stickers on a large chart. For every ten stickers, students receive a new book. Mrs. Gomez is using:

answer

a token economy.

question

A typical use of applied behavior analysis is:

answer

treating children with disorders such as autism.

Chapter 5 Study Plan Psychology – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards