Chapter 5 study guide – Flashcards
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Changes controlled by a genetic blueprint, such as an increase in height or the size of the brain
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are examples of maturation
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Pavlov placed food in the mouths of dogs, and they began to salivate. The food acted as an
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unconditioned stimulus
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A white rat was the conditioned stimulus (CS) in the case of
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Little Albert
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Thorndike was known for his work with a
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puzzle box
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A reinforcer will make the target response more likely to occur again regardless of whether it is a
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positive or negative reinforcer
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Punishment has occurred when there is a decrease in the likelihood or rate of a
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target response
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For every 5 times that you go to the gym each week, you reward yourself with a treat. This best illustrates
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fixed ratio
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Learning that occurs but is not immediately reflected in a behavior change is called
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latent learning
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Cheryl is trying to teach her son to do the laundry by having him watch her. According to observational learning theory, to be effective, her son must be
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motivated to learn how to do the laundry
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Learning to make a reflex response to a stimulus other than to the original, natural stimulus is called
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classical conditioning.
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The tendency to respond to a stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus is called
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stimulus generalization.
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Rescorla's modern conceptualization of classical conditioning is based on the idea that the CS has to provide
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information about the coming of the UCS.
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A Skinner box is most likely to be used in research on
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operant conditioning
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Al must build 25 radios before he receives $20. A fixed-ratio schedule of
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reinforcement is being used
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An example of a discriminative stimulus might be a
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stop sign
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Neurofeedback, a newer type of biofeedback, involves trying to change
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brain wave activity
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College students faced with unsolvable problems eventually give up and make only half hearted attempts to solve new problems, even when the new problems can be solved easily. This behavior is probably due to
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learned helplessness
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Observational learning theory's foremost
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proponent is Bandura
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Learning that takes place without actual performance (a kind of latent learning) is called the
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learning/performance distinction
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The abbreviation UCS stands for
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unconditioned stimulus
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Learning is said to be a relatively permanent change in behavior because it is thought that when learning occurs, some part of the
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brain physically changes
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The statement "It involves the process of shaping" is true about
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behavior modification
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The spread of conditioning to stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus is called
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generalization
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A school issues tokens to the children for good behavior. This issue of a token is an example of
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behavior modification
