question

Civil rights prevent discrimination on the basis of

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race, gender, and religion.

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Which amendment defines citizens as "all persons born or naturalized in the United States" and guarantees the same privileges and immunities for all citizens?

answer

the Fourteenth Amendment

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Which of the following prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote?

answer

the grandfather clause

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What was the first successful challenge to the separate but equal doctrine established by the Supreme Court?

answer

Brown v. Board of Education

question

Which organization(s) played an active role in the civil rights movements in the second half of the twentieth century?

answer

NOW, NAACP, and AIM

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Native Americans were granted the rights of United States citizens in

answer

1924

question

Unlike European immigrants, Asian immigrants were for many years denied the right to

answer

become citizens

question

Which of the following groups lacks legal protection to equal access to employment, housing, and public accommodation?

answer

lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgendered citizens

question

The 1965 Voting Rights Act (VRA) was devised to address the fact that in some southern counties less than ________ of all eligible African Americans were registered to vote.

answer

one-third

question

Which of the following established women's right to equal pay?

answer

the Equal Pay Act

question

In the employment arena, an intentional effort to recruit, hire, train, and promote underutilized categories of workers is referred to as

answer

affirmative action

question

Which of the following is a civil right?

answer

the right to equal protection under the law

question

Which of the following tests would be used to evaluate state laws regarding minimum ages for the right to marry, obtain a drivers license, or purchase alcohol?

answer

ordinary scrutiny

question

The Supreme Court concept of suspect classifications suggests that

answer

laws that classify people differently on the basis of their race or ethnicity are presumed to have discrimination as their purpose.

question

Which of the following statements is true regarding civil rights granted to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender citizens?

answer

Less than half of the states have passed antidiscrimination laws that guarantee LGBT citizens equal access to employment, housing, and public accommodations.

question

The federal Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) passed by Congress and signed by President Clinton in 1996

answer

declared that the federal government did not recognize same-sex marriages or require states to recognize them either.

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Which of the following is true of hate crime laws?

answer

Not all the state laws related to hate crime cover gender identity.

question

What was the outcome of the Dred Scott v. Sanford decision?

answer

It denied African-American slaves the rights of citizens.

question

In Plessy v. Ferguson, the U.S. Supreme Court claimed that separate but equal facilities did not disregard

answer

the equal protection clause

question

Which of the following exempted white voters from the literacy test and the poll tax?

answer

the grandfather clause

question

The Black Codes were laws that

answer

prevented freemen from voting.

question

What tactic did Martin Luther King, Jr. use to advocate for civil rights?

answer

civil disobedience

question

Which of the following established a standard of equality in employment opportunity on the basis of race, national origin, religion, and gender?

answer

the Civil Rights Act of 1964

question

Which of the following would an activist who was a part of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) during the early years of the twentieth century support or argue?

answer

The states have violated the equal protection clause by failing to make law and medical schools available to African Americans.

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Why did the U.S. Supreme Court conclude that the separate but equal doctrine violated the equal protection clause?

answer

It created an inherently unequal segregated school system and a society.

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What does the Montgomery bus boycott during the civil rights movement in America highlight?

answer

How the separate but equal doctrine segregated public facilities

question

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 (VRA)

answer

banned discriminatory voter registration practices, such as literacy tests.

question

Which of the following is an impact of the civil rights movement?

answer

An increase in the number of African Americans elected to serve in offices at the state and other levels

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What is the role of a syllabus in a judicial opinion?

answer

It is not part of the opinion, but states its key points.

question

How long after the initial Brown decision was this additional opinion issued?

answer

About a year

question

On what grounds did the majority rule that school segregation violated the Constitution?

answer

violation of the Fourteenth Amendment

question

Which of the following factors did the Court not list as something that might require additional time for compliance?

answer

racial animus

question

Who appoints federal examiners under this statute?

answer

a federal court

question

The Voting Rights Act was passed roughly how long after the Fifteenth Amendment?

answer

a century

question

Section 4(a) applies only to those states that

answer

had less than 50% voter registration or participation in the 1964 election.

question

The purpose of Section 4(e) is to ensure that people are not prevented from voting on the basis of

answer

language.

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What are the criminal penalties for violations of this act?

answer

fines and/or imprisonment

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In order for a voting test or device to survive under this act, it must be shown that neither its purpose nor its effect is to discriminate on the basis of

answer

race

question

As of December 7, 1868, which of the following bodies had ratified the Fifteenth Amendment?

answer

both the House and the Senate

question

What is the main focus of the Fifteenth Amendment?

answer

voting rights

question

What level of supermajority is required for a proposed constitutional amendment to pass Congress?

answer

two thirds

question

In the 19th century, which segments of the U.S. population endured a "previous condition of servitude"?

answer

african Americans

question

In the case of ________, the Supreme Court first used the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to find a law discriminating against women unconstitutional.

answer

Reed v. Reed

question

Which of the following amendments was added to the U.S. Constitution to prohibit the national and state governments from abridging or denying citizens the right to vote on account of sex?

answer

The Nineteenth Amendment

question

Brenda believes that she is facing discrimination at her workplace, not just because she is a woman but also because she is a nonwhite American. What does the scenario best illustrate?

answer

Intersectionality

question

Which of the following individuals is protected by the American with Disabilities Act?

answer

a shopper in a wheelchair

question

Which of the following statements is true regarding the status of Native Americans' civil rights?

answer

They enjoy the protection of the Bill of Rights both on and off reservations.

question

Which of the following statements is true regarding the status of Asian Americans' civil rights?

answer

They are not well-represented in top positions despite high education levels

question

The initial focus of the Chicano Movement was to

answer

improve the lives of farm workers.

question

The policy of affirmative action requires organizations to

answer

diversify their workforces.

question

The personnel policies of Gate Run Corp. are designed to ensure that its workers and job candidates represent diverse characteristics like race, color, religion, national origin, and others. This eliminates discrimination in the hiring, training, and promoting processes. This effort made by Gate Run Corp. is referred to as

answer

affirmative action.

question

Why has affirmative action been criticized?

answer

It is believed to violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

question

The primary goal of the first wave of the women's rights movement was to secure

answer

the right to vote for women.

question

Discrimination against citizens of Latin American descent was similar to the discrimination faced by

answer

African Americans following Reconstruction.

question

Which of the following tests would be used to determine whether a law discriminates against Americans of Italian origin?

answer

strict scrutiny

question

Which of the following cases resulted in a ruling that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional?

answer

the Dred Scott case

question

Which of the following tactics were used to press the government to pass civil rights legislation in the second half of the twentieth century?

answer

the formation of interest groups, appealing to the federal court system, and civil disobedience

question

The passage of the 2008 Americans with Disabilities Amendment exemplifies an attempt by Congress to

answer

overrule the Supreme Court's conservative interpretation of the original law.

question

Ryan, a young African American man, was beaten up, tortured, and murdered by white supremacists. This fictitious scenario is an example of a(n)

answer

hate crime

question

Which of the following occurred during the Reconstruction era (1866-77)?

answer

The institutions and the infrastructure of the southern states were rebuilt.

question

Interest groups like Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), along with the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), focused on

answer

building leadership skills of local AfricanAmerican citizens in southern communities.

question

The University of Baron has taken measures to ensure that its student body is diverse in terms of race, color, economic status, and other characteristics. This will make the students more tolerant toward each other and prepare them to function successfully in a work environment that is increasingly diverse. This effort to reduce discrimination is referred to as

answer

affirmative action.

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