Chapter 5 – Function of Skin, Sweat Glands, Cancer, & Burns – Flashcards
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Sudoriferous Glands
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Another name for Sweat Glands; all skin surfaces except nipples and parts of external genitalia contain sweat these (about 3 million per person)
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Eccrine Sweat Glands
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Type of Sweat Gland; most numerous type, abundent on palms, soles, and forehead, their secretion is sweat - regulation the body temperature
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Apocrine Sweat Glands
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Type of Sweat Gland; confined to axillary and anogenital areas, secrete viscous milky or yellowish sweat that contains fatty substances and proteins
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Ceruminous Gland
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Modified Apocrine Gland; lining of external ear canal, secretes earwax
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Mammary Gland
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Modified Apocrine Gland; secretes milk out of tits
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Sebaceous Gland
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Widely distributed gland, except for thick skin of palm and soles; relatively inactive until puberty and then stimulated by hormones
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Secrete Sebum
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Oily holocrine secretion
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Protection
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Function of Skin; protect body from outside sources
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Body Temperature Regulation
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Function of Skin; homestasis, achieved by sweating or goosebumps
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Cutaneous Sensation
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Function of Skin; Exteroreceptors respond to stimuli outside body, such as temperature and touch, free nerve endings sense painful stimuli
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Metabolic Functions
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Function of Skin; Skin can synthesize vitamin D needed for calcium absorption in intestine, chemicals from keratinocytes can disarm some caracinogens
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Blood Reservoir
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Function of Skin; skin can hold up to 5% of the body's total blood volume, skin vessels can be constricted to shunt blood to other organs, such as an exercising muscle
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Excretion of wastes
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Function of Skin; skin can secrete limited amounts of nitrogenous wastes, such as ammonia, urea, and uric acid, sweating can cause salt and water loss
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Chemical, Physical, and Biological Barriers
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Skin barriers of Protection
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Chemical Barrier
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Skin Protection Barrier; skin secretes many chemicals, such as sweat, sebum, defensins, and melanin
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Physical Barrier
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Skin Protection Barrier; flat, dead, deratinized cells of stratum corneum, surrounded by glycolipids, block most water and water-soluble substances
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Biological Barrier
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Skin Protection Barrier; Epidermis contains phagocytic cells (dentritic cells of epidermis engulf foreign antigens and present to white blood cells, activating the immune response) and dermis contains macrophages (macrophages also activate immune system by presenting foreign antigens to white blood cells)
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Insensible Perspiration
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Under normal, resting body temperature, sweat glands produce about 500 ml/day of unnoticeable sweat
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Sensible Perspiration
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If body temperature rises, dilation of dermal vessels can increase sweat gland activity to produce 12L of noticeable sweat
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Basal Cell Carcinoma
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Major type of Skin Cancer; least malignant and most common type, stratum basale cells proliferate and slowly invade dermis and hypodermis, cured by surgical excision in 99% of cases
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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Major type of Skin Cancer; second most common type, involves keratinocytes of stratum spinosum, usually is a scaley redded papule on scalp, ears, lower lip, or hands, good prognosis if treated by radiation therapy or removed surgically
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Melanoma
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Major type of Skin Cancer; cancer of melanocytes, is most dangerous type because it is highly metastatic and resistant to chemotherapy, treated by wide surgical excision accompanied by immunotherapy
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Burn
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Tissue damage caused by heat, electricity, radiation, or certain chemicals
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First-Degree Burn
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Degree of burn; epidermal damage only, localized redness, edema (swelling), and pain
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Second-Degree Burn
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Degree of burn; epidermal and upper dermal damage, blisters appear
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Third-Degree Burn
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Degree of Burn; entire thickness of skin invovled (full thickness burns), skin turns gray-white, cherry red, or black, no edema is seen and area is not painful because nerve endings are destroyed, skin grafting usually necessary
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Asymmetry
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ABCD Rule for diagnosing Melanoma; What does A stand for?
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Border Irregularity
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ABCD Rule for diagnosing Melanoma; What does B stand for?
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Color
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ABCD Rule for diagnosing Melanoma; What does C stand for?
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Diameter
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ABCD Rule for diagnosing Melanoma; What does D stand for?
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6mm
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ABCD Rule of diagnosing Melanoma; What diameter length does the growth have to be?
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Black, brown, tan, red, or blue
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ABCD Rule of diagnosing Melanoma; What colors does the growth contain?
